10996. Greenwood Bank & Trust Company (Greenwood, MS)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run โ†’ Suspension โ†’ Reopening
Bank Type
trust company
Start Date
December 20, 1930
Location
Greenwood, Mississippi (33.512, -90.199)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
e00e1a33

Response Measures

Full suspension, Books examined

Other: Bank obtained depositor agreement to 'freeze' deposits over three years as condition for reopening.

Description

Multiple articles report Greenwood Bank & Trust Company closed temporarily amid withdrawals and state banking department actions around Dec 20-21, 1930. Depositor freezing agreement was solicited and used as the plan to reopen; reopening was reported as planned/likely and by early February 1931 the reorganized bank was expected to resume business. Cause of the initial trouble appears driven by runs and closures of other local/state banks (local contagion), not a discrete misinformation event.

Events (3)

1. December 20, 1930 Run
Cause
Local Banks
Cause Details
Withdrawals and panic following closures/takeovers of other Mississippi banks (Wilson Banking Co., Commercial Bank at Drew, Bank of Pheba) and general local runs.
Measures
Solicitation of depositor freezing agreement (10% immediately, remainder over three years) to secure reopening; committees canvassing depositors.
Newspaper Excerpt
the Greenwood Bank & Trust Co., the First National Bank and the Security Bank & Trust Co., all at Greenwood, had closed temporarily as a protective measure.
Source
newspapers
2. December 21, 1930 Suspension
Cause
Local Banks
Cause Details
Temporary suspension/closure as a protective measure amid state-wide bank failures and runs in the area; bank closed its doors during a day panic and sought depositor agreements for reopening plan.
Newspaper Excerpt
Three banks in Mississippi were closed today and placed in charge of the State banking department, and three others announced temporary suspension... Greenwood Bank & Trust Co. ... had closed temporarily as a protective measure.
Source
newspapers
3. February 4, 1931 Reopening
Newspaper Excerpt
The reorganized Greenwood Bank and Trust Company probably will resume Thursday or Friday and the Bank of Blue Mountain ... Mississippi banks reopen. Resumption of business by Mississippi banks recently closed goes forward. The reorganized Greenwood Bank and Trust Company probably will resume Thursday or Friday ... .</p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote></p></blockquote>
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (8)

Article from Evening Star, December 21, 1930

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Article Text

THREE BANKS CLOSED Three Others in Mississippi Shut Doors for Safety. JACKSON, Miss., December 20 (P).Three banks in Mississippi were closed today and placed in charge of the State banking department, and three others announced temporary suspension. Those taken over by the banking department are the Wilson Banking Co. at Greenwood, the Commercial Bank at Drew and the Bank of Pheba at Pheba. Simultaneously came announcements that the Greenwood Bank & Trust Co., the First National Bank and the Security Bank & Trust Co., all at Greenwood, had closed temporarily as a pro= tective measure.


Article from Clarion-Ledger, December 23, 1930

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Rush Cash To Yazoo Banks City By Airplane From New Orleans YAZOO CITY, Dec. D. Walker, representative of Federal Reserve bank of New Orleans, via airplane at 11 o'clock this morning "unanan fund currency protect Yazoo City's banks, halted any panic which might have developed here today. The Citizens Bank and Trust company failed open here this morning, following "slight the bank Saturday afternoon. The to have been brought by time depositors manding funds but officials the bank announced this morning that its affairs were in the hands the state banking department. No reason was assigned. Delta National bank and the Bank of Yazoo, with deposits runremained almost two hours past closing time to give remove their savings. Both banks reported only Funds are available in any amount to protect the Delta National and the Bank Yazoo," Mr. Walker of the Federal Reserve bank said this afternoon in an official statement Both banks announced they will open morning prepared to all State of Banks S. Love, plans to re-open Bank Trust pany within short does not regard "backwash closing" two banks at Yazoo City and Rosedale Monday, affecting the state's financial situation The Greenwood Bank Trust company one of the five Greenwood's banks to close doors Saturday, during day panic. The Citizens Bank and Trust company at Yazoo and Bolivar County bank Rosedale failed open their doors Monday morning. Superintendent Love (Continued on Page Eleven)


Article from Clarion-Ledger, December 23, 1930

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DITCHED COUPE HERESY, SPURS HUNT OF CHARGE STATE BANDITS Car Found Near Sumrall Reported Same Seen at Seminary CASHIER LOCKED IN VAULT BY MASKED MAN Quartette Believed Involved in Daylight Hold-up of Seminary Bank Dec. 22-Discovery tonight looking to the reopening an coupe, ditched which two of Greenwood's banks the highway closed their doors Saturday. about ten miles from Sumrall early An by Supt this afternoon spurred search Love, of the state banking departthe four bandits who held the the ment, that reorganization of Bank Seminary this morning Greenwood Bank and Trust comescaped with $4,400. with Thomas, Georpany Only two men were seen by Bulpresident and Kennedy, cashier the bank weber could not and victim the oldup, but dis- The verified here. directors covery that four strange men the bank, however, were in conferspent the night local boarding with Thomas in Grenada places officers believe that afternoon. four men took part in the rob- Committees have been signing up depositors of the Security Bank Kennedy went down to open the Trust and company to an agreebank about o'clock this mornment outlined meeting ing, according to his story depositors Sunday under wrich the about to the vault when open depositors will ten per young wearing gray their opening of the face covered with overcoat, bank, 20 cent one per stepped from the per and 40 per door of rear office and covered in three with pistol. In statement issued to the bandit forced Kennedy to The this afternoon Pollard, vault The cashier handopen the president; vicehim package money. He president and Stockett, said have demanded more cashier, declared that best efforts rewarded with second and being used effect reopenof The bandit assembly currency ing and that the continued co-opKennedy into the vault forced eration of the would aid door He overlooked locked greatly that undertaking. $15,000 in cash and approximately opening with short time of both negotiable securities, according these banks seemed probable bank officials. today.


Article from The Greenwood Commonwealth, December 24, 1930

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SECURITY BANK OPENING NEAR COMPLETION Greenwood Bank & Trust National Openings Soug Greenwood Bank Trust Company Depositors Asked to Sign Agreement With plans for re-opening appearing bright this afternoon as auditors continued checking over the affairs of the bank, deposits Greenwood Bank and Trust Company are being asked to sign proposed agreement which leave their deposits in the bank for period of three years, with ten per cent payable immediately, 20 percent in one year, 30 per cent in two years and 40 per cent in three years. W. Clements has been asked by the officials of the bank take charge the work signing up the more than 2,000 depositors, and will begin work immediately to secure the signatures. The agreement which the depositors will be asked to sign reads as follows: or we, the undersigned depositors in the Greenwood Bank Trust Company, of Greenwood, Mississippi, do hereby event Bank Trust Comreopened for business, another banking organized to domicled at Greenwood, in Leflore county, Mississippi, assume the deposit liability the Greenwood Bank Trust Company, payable 10 per cent cash, and the balance 20 per cent within one year, 30 per cent within two years and 40 per cent within three years, the understanding being that these certificates paid off as much in advance the designated dates as is consistent with sound conservative banking, the said certificates to bear no interest until after maIf the assets of the bank prove be as satisfactory as believed, the re-opening will probably be effected as soon the depositors can be signed up. With the efforts of the Greenwood Bank Trust Company begin business, directors the First National and the Greenwood Savings Bank are working diligently on-plans which have for their object the re-opening those banks which closed Satur- Plans for reopening of the Security Bank Trust are almost completed and the date of re-opening is expected to announced in short time. Cards bearing the agreement of the depositors the Greenwood Bank Trust Co. are ready and the deposors will find them at the following places for signatures, in addition the bank: Roberts Drug Store, Post Office Safe, Barrett's Drug Store, John Quinn's Drug Store, Dyre's Store, O'Reilly's Cash Store, DeBoe's Grocery, Greenwood Drug Speed in signing is urged for quicker cards are signed sooner the Greenwood Bank & Trust Company can open. TACKS LATTIMER FREED COLUMBUS, O. (AP) W. (Tacks) Lattimer, big league baseball received player, Christmas pardon from penitentiary today from Governor Cooper. Lattimer was serving life second degree murder. The was personally presented to Lattimer by the Governor. Lattimer had been cited a hero in break of 13 members of the notorious Company bad boys" Nov. 1926, prison when he seized gun and went to the aid of the guards. WEST POINT BANK PAYS DIVIDENDS WEST POINT At meetof the directors the of West Point, held Monday morning, the regular annudividend per cent was declared. Under the state law, was necessary to add per cent of this surplus, and checks were being to stockholders today for the remaining per cent. Mr. Ivy, chairman of the board, expressed satisfaction with the showing made for the year. The bank doesn't owe penny and faces the new year with confidence. FATHER AND SON DIE CROSSING CRASH RULEVILLE, Miss. Crowder, of Kilmichael, and his son, Willie, 21, were killed afternoon at 1:40 one mile north of here their truck was struck by passenger train. Mr. Crowder and his son, prospective tenants on the Patridge plantation near here, were unfamiliar with the schedule of the train and their visibility was impaired because the truck cab was closed up. They were moving their household furnishings from Kilmichael The truck was demolished. The bodies were taken to undertaking establishment Cleveland. Funeral services will probably be held tomorrow.


Article from Hattiesburg American, December 29, 1930

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Other Institutions Temporarily; Merger at Associated Press) Dec. of two state banks was reported from the state banking Monday by Love, The institutions the Leake County Bank at Carthage and Bank Oxford, Oxford, both which were the oldest stitutions in their respective counties. forced decision to close the Leake County to while Bank of Oxford board decided "temporary" suspension prevailing conditions, declared in statement. Reports from Greenwood today announced reopening of the SecuriBank and Trust company, one institutions which suspended there week ago, and announced plans of officials of the Greenwood Bank and Trust company to resume January president Pitchford the Security Bank institution was doing business this with many deposits in and none going The bank reopened under plan of deposits as suggested by Supt. Love to mass meeting after the general closing. The Greenwood Bank and Trust is expected resume operation after similar plan is effected. Supt. Love reported strong bank today was the outgrowth of Picayune the Bank the Pearl River bank. Tate, president the former, will head the new institution, which will bear name Bank of PicaThe Leake County Bank had deposits $260,000, to the banking department. Capital was and surplus SECURITY BANK REOPENS Miss., Dec. The Security Bank and Trust company reopened for business here this morning. The bank had been closed since December when withdrawals. following the closing of the Wilson Banking company, caused its suspension. ARKANSAS BANK SUSPENDS ROCK, Dec. Van Buren County Bank at Clinton, suspended today five days, the state banking department announced. The president, Garner Frazer, told the he expectthe bank be within the five day period. had capital and surplus deposits of approximate$157,000. BANK CLOSED INDIANAPOLIS, Dec. Central Trust Savings Bank Gary, formerly the Southside Trust Savings Bank, closed today, the state banking commission informed. The bank was capitalizat $100,000 and had deposits with surplus and undivided profits of $25,000. BANK'S ASSETS FROZEN Ala., Dec. Dent Green, state of banks today that the Chambers County Bank Lafayette, Ala., had closed because frozen assets and steady withdrawM. Tucker, of president the bank, reported capital stock of and surplus of $50,000, on its last report. Mr. Green said the total deposits the bank not available. The bank being taken by the state banking for liquidation, Mr. Green said.


Article from The Greenwood Commonwealth, December 29, 1930

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THE DEPOSITORS AGREEMENT MUST BE SIGNED The opening of the Security Bank this morning is practical demonstration that closed banks can be re-opened when the proper spirit of co-operation is shown by. bank officials and depositors. The spirit that re-opened the Security Bank can re-open the others when other details have been completed. At the present time the Greenwood Bank & Trust Company has planned a re-opening provided the depositors sign the agreement to "freeze" their deposits over a period of three years. The agreement sought for the Greenwood Bank & Trust Company is identical with the agreement which re-opened the Security Bank. It is the only manner in which the bank can be and the only method by which the depositors can assured of receiving the full amounts of their deposits under condition. If any depositor fails to sign the agreement, he will not only force his own deposit to fifty per cent of its value, to lose and the liquidation of the bank. It is essential that the signatures be obtained and that quickly. The difference to each depositor between the bank in operation and in liquidation will mean a difference between one hundred per cent of his deposit and fifty or sixty per cent of it. It means the difference between receiving all in three years or half in five, six or seven.


Article from The Clarksdale Press Register, December 31, 1930

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Depositors in Greenwood Aid Bank's Return (Continued from page 1) deposits resulting from its meeting the needs of business while the other banks were closed. Committees of depositors of the Greenwood Bank & Trust Company are campaigning among the depositors of that concern to get unanimous agreement for the reopening of the bank. By signing the freezing agree ment for the opening of the Green wood Bank & Trust Company, lead ers in the announced that they believed they would save the deposi tors from a loss of 50 per cent or more. MYRTLE REPORTS. JACKSON, Miss., Dec. (AP) Although the state banking depart ment had not received official notice today, reports from Myrtle announced the closing there of the Bank of Myrtle until further notice. According to officials of the in stitution bank is solvent and closed its doors for protection in the face of run. The bank is capitalized at $15, 000, with surplus of $3,000, and de posits of approximately $67,000. Sam Frazier is president, and John T. Miller, cashier.


Article from The Indianapolis News, February 4, 1931

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VAN SWERINGENS BID Brothers Seek to Add Eastern Road to Rail Empire. Once more the Van Swerseek wider for their ingen empire Comalmost top of the for division eastern into major systems, Vans-M. and left doubt of their to their network into If this invasion the brothers, who entered the field their real will stand at the network from the coast Maine to Rockies Great Salt lake. Their & Ohio, Nickel carry them from the at New York the plains and dustrial cities of the west, the Missouri Pacific takes across the Mississippi to Utah and the Rio Grande, Their determination to acquire the miles of trackage of the Boston Maine railroad for their Nickel O. system were before the Chamber last by William H. Boyd, Cleveland attorney. Mississippi Banks Reopen. JACKSON, Miss., February 4 (A.P.) -Resumption of business by Mississippi banks recently closed goes forward. The first of the larger tutions reopened and others pare follow. The Peoples Savings Bank at Starkeville, closed for several has reopened. The reorganized Greenwood Bank and Trust Company probably will resume Thursday or Friday and the Bank of Blue Mountain and its branch at Ashland probably Wednesday Thursday. Three recently at Winona, Kilmichael and Ethel have reopened. Four Iowa Banks Merge. OTTUMWA, Ia., February 4 (A.P.) -Merger of four Ottumwa banks into the Union Bank and Trust Company announced. The banks involved the Ottumwa Savings, Iowa Ottumwa National and Wapello CounSavings Bank. The merged tutions have resources of more than 000 making it one of the largest banks in southern or northern Missouri.