gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
175cb792bfe044eb
Response Measures
None
Description
Reports show a heavy run followed by examiners taking charge; later pieces mention efforts to reopen but no definitive reopening announced.
Events (2)
1.December 17, 1925Run
Cause
Local Shock
Cause Details
Withdrawals blamed on frozen cattle loans and livestock-sector troubles affecting confidence in local banks
Measures
Officers requested examiners take charge; payments not immediately stopped while run was ongoing
Newspaper Excerpt
A heavy run started this afternoon on the North Denver Bank, another of the Hollis banks. Between three and four hundred persons were crowding about the teller's cage
Source
newspapers
2.December 18, 1925Suspension
Cause
Local Shock
Cause Details
Closure attributed to heavy withdrawals driven by frozen credits in livestock loans and the regional livestock depression
Newspaper Excerpt
The North Denver State bank was closed last night at the request of the officers of the institution after a heavy run during the afternoon.
Source
newspapers
Newspaper Articles (25)
1.December 17, 1925The Times StandardEureka, CA
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Colo., Dec. United Denver banks the Drover's National Bank and the Broadway National Bank, closed their doors noon today and are the hands of Federal examiners. The examiners ordered the banks closed have made statement explanation. crowd several hundred stood the street in front of the Broadbank o'clock some formation concerning the condition of the institution. The Broadway National had posits of $3,000,000. according the last published statement. The Bank deposits approximately Excitement was high the Stock Yards. where the Drivers located Many passed by the bank but only to read the sign door which said the bank had been closed by the board directors and was in the hands of Federal examiners. heavy run this afternoon on the North Denver Bank, another of the Hollis banks. Between and four hundred sons were crowding about the tellers cage and in the street before closing time. had not been stopped
2.December 17, 1925Astoria Evening BudgetAstoria, OR
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BANKS ARE FORCED TO SHUT DOORS
DENVER, Dec. Denver banks, the Drovers National Bank, and the Broadway National Bank, closed their doors at noon today and are in the hands of federal The examiners who ordered the banks elosed have made no statement or crowd of several hundred stood in the street in front of the bank o'clock waiting for some concerning the condition of the instituThe Broadway National had de. posits over $3,000,000 according the last published statement. The National Bank had deposits of approximately Excitement was high at the stock yards, where the Drovers located. Many passed by the bank but paused only to read the sign door which said the bank had been closed by the board of directors and was in the hands of federal examiners. heavy run started this afternoon on the North Denver Bank. another of the Hollis be tween three and four avere crowding about cage and in the street before closing time. Payments had not been at
3.December 17, 1925The Hanford SentinelHanford, CA
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EXAMINERS CLOSE TWO BANKS
Denver, Dec. 17. (United Press.) Two Denver banks. the Drovers National Bank and the Broadway National Bank, closed their doors at noon today and are in the hands of federal The examiners who ordered the banks closed have made no statement or crowd of several hundred stood in the street in front of the Broadway bank at o'clock waiting for some information concerning the the institution The Broadway National had deposits of over $3,000,000 according to the published statement. The Drovers had deposits approximately Excitement was high the stock yards, where the Drovers located. Many passed by the bank but paused only to read the sign on the door which said the bank had been closed by the board of directors and was in the hands of federal examiners. heavy run started this afternoon on the North Denver Bank, another of the Hollis banks. Between three and four hundred persons were crowding about the teller's cage and in the street shortly before closing time. Payments had not been stopped
4.December 18, 1925The Daily ReportOntario, CA
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3RD DENVER BANK Rough Dip ORDERED CLOSED Bishop's 1-1b. Box Christmas Special
Frozen Cattle Paper is Cause for 2 Closings Says Bank President
DENVER, Colo.-Four banks have closed their doors in Denver within two days. The Metropolitan State bank today failed to open its doors. Yesterday the Drovers National, Broadway National and the North Denver State bank all were placed in the hands of federal and state examiners.
DENVED. Colo. With Christmas shopping at its height, three Dates-Bulk Denver banks were today in the 2 pounds 25c hands of bank examiners. The Drovers National bank and Plums-Preserves the Broadway National bank were closed at noon yesterday when It was found they could not meet their liabilities. The North Denver State bank Nutola was, closed last night at the request of the officers of the instiFirst Grade Oleo tution after a heavy run during the afternoon. Made by Armour & Co. Although no statement has been SPECIAL SATURDAY issued by Gordon Hollis, president of two of the closed banks, he replied affirmatively to questions 25c that frozen paper on cattle loans was a cause of his two banks closing.
5.December 18, 1925The Indianapolis TimesIndianapolis, IN
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FROZEN CREDITS CLOSE 5 BANKS Denver Nervous After Series of Failures. Bu United Press DENVER. Colo., Dec. 18.--With five local banks closed and in the hands of bank examiners, all Denver nervously awaited the next move in financial circles today. The Capitol Hill State Bank was put in the hands of receivers this morning after the Metropolitan State Bank failed to open its doors. Yesterday the Drovers National, the Broadwey National and the North Denver State Bank were placed in the hands of Federal and State examiners. Frozen credits and the depression in the livestock industry were jointly blamed for the failure of the institutions whose deposits total several million dollars.
TWO MORE BANKS CLOSE Epidemic of Financial Disaster In Denver - Four Institutions Now Have Closed Doors. Denver. Colo., Dec. 18 (AP) -Two additional Denver banks-the Capitol Hill State bank and the Metropolitan State bank-failed to open today. Two National banks and one state bank were closed yesterday. Grant McFerson, state bank commissioner announced that examiners had taken charge of the Metropolitan and Capitol Hill banks. Both are small institutions. Steady withdrawals from the Metropolitan during the week and a run on the Capitol Hill yesterday were instrumental in the closing, officials said. The banks closed yesterday were the Broadway National, the Drovers National and the North Denver bank, the latter a state institution. These banks had deposits of about $3,500,000. The Broadway National was the largest with deposits of about $2,500,000. Impairment of capital and frozen paper in livestock loans were ascribed as the reason for the closing of the two National banks. Gordon Hollis was president of the two National banks and his wife, Mrs. M. E. Hollis, was president of the North River bank.
7.December 18, 1925The Bismarck TribuneBismarck, Mandan, ND
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McFerson announced that his department's examiners had taken charge of the Metropolitan and Capitol Hill banks. Both are small institutions. Steady withdrawals from the Metropolitan during the week, and a run on the Capitol Hill yesterday. were factors in the>closing, officials said. The banks closed yesterday were the Broadway National, the Drover's National, and the North Denver bank, the latter a state institution. These three banks had deposits of approximately $3,500,000. The Broadway National was the largest, with deposits totaling about $2,500,000. - Impairment of capital and frozen paper in livestock loans were ascribed as the reasons for the closing of the two national banks.
8.December 18, 1925Des Moines TribuneDes Moines, IA
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THREE DENVER BANKS CLOSED BY EXAMINERS
Denver Dec. 18 (U Christmas shopping at its height three Denver banks were today in the hands of bank examiners The Drovers National bank and the Broadway National bank were closed at noon yesterday when it was found they could not meet their The North Denver State bank was closed last night at the request of the officers of the institution after a heavy run during the afternoon.
9.December 18, 1925The CalifornianSalinas, CA
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THREE DENVER BANKS COMPELLED TO CLOSE
With Christmas shopping at its height three Denver banks were today in the hands of bank examiners.
The Drovers' National bank and the Broadway National bank were closed at noon yesterday when it was found they could not meet their liabilities. The North Denver State bank was closed last night at the request of the officers of the institution after a heavy run during the afternoon.
10.December 18, 1925The Times-NewsTwin Falls, ID
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FIVE DENVER BANKS CLOSE THEIR DOORS
Last of Group Is Locked Today By State Examiner.
LOANS INVOLVED
Cattle Men Responsible For Drain Which Caused
Bad Situation.
DENVER, Dec ed reports late hour stated tetal nine banks had closed their doors here
DENVER, Dec. 18 Four banks have closed their doors in Denver within days. The Metropolitan State bank today failed to open the Drovers National; Broadway National and the North Denver State bank were all placed in the hands of federal and state examiners. James E. Adams, president of the Metropolitan bank. said today bank had been turned over to state examiners at request The Metropolitan several weeks ago according to Adams, had deposits of $400.00 and time they have been reduced to about "In view the bad banking situation here and to protect the interests of our depositors, he said, advisable to turn the bank over state heavy run developed this morning when the Central Savings Bank and Trust company opened its doors was estimated that 500 persons were waiting in the street in front of the bank. Police were in charge of the crowd and only few were let into the bank time. Rumors all over town and situation was developing with withdrawals many banks. The Capitol Hill state bank was put the hands of state examiners opening this morning when crowd was found waiting to their accounts. This makes five banks with closed doors. The Capitol Hill State bank small suburban bank.
11.December 18, 1925The Oklahoma NewsOklahoma City, OK
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FIVE DENVER BANKS CLOSE
Three Yesterday and Two Today Fail to Open Doors five local banks closed and the of bank
Denver nervously the in financial circles today The Capitol State bank put the hands of this morning the State failed the Drovers the Brondway and
North banks in of federal and the blamed the that for flocked
12.December 18, 1925News-PilotSan Pedro, CA
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Frozen Loans Force Closing of Three Banks in Denver
(By United Press) DENVER. Colo., Dec. Christmas shopping at its height, three Denver banks were today hands of bank examiners. The Drovers National Bank and the Broadway National Bank closed noon yesterday when found they could not meet their liabilities. The North DenState Bank closed last night the request of the offiof the institution after heavy during the afternoon. Although statement has been issued by Gordon Hollis, president of the closed banks, replied questions that frozen paper cattle loans cause his two banks closing.
13.December 18, 1925Progress-BulletinPomona, CA
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DENVER ON
Critical Situation Evident As Depositors Take Out Funds: Police Called to Control Lines Waiting to Get Money; State Examiners Take Charge of Each
DENVER, Colo., Dec. banks have closed their doors In Denver within two days. The Metropolitan State bank today failed to open its doors. Yesterday the Drovers National, Broadway National and the North Denver State bank all placed in the hands of federal and state examiners. The Capitol Hill State bank was put in the hands of the state when crowd started
James Adams, president of the Metropolitan bank, today that the bank had been turned request. The Metropolitan weeks ago, according Adams, had deposits $400,000 since that time they been to about view of the bad banking situation and to protect the interdeemed advisable the bank over to state officials." heavy run ing when the Central and Trust company opened its doors. estimated that 500 persons waiting in the street front of the bank. Police charge of the few were let into the bank afloat all over town and situation developing with withdrawals increasing banks. The Capitol Hill State bank put in state this crowd found waiting withdraw their accounts. This five banks with closed The Capitol Hill State bank small suburban bank.
Iowa, Dec. Peoples Savings bank here failed its doors The closing the bank of Newhall. Iowa, few days ago, lieved have caused heavy drawals from local Deposits totalled $360,000. Officers of the bank declared day they confident would able to pay their depositors and reorganize the bank. The total amount of deposits tied in the five banks which closed The excitement prevailed here today that has been for years. the height the Christmas shopping season felt sharply the Many could not get their and refused spend. front Central Savings and Trust where 500 there was much citement and called insure and bank books milled about and peered each other's door where only admitted time. believed all the small banks will before the day closes advantage of the sixty day According the officials of all but the national banks closed yesterday, there for alarm banks placed hands examiners to protect depositors. afloat thrusible check of them.
14.December 18, 1925The Whittier NewsWhittier, CA
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FIVE DENVER BANKS CLOSE
(Continued From Page One)
Christmas shopping at its height. three Denver banks were today in the hands of bank examiners. The Drovers National bank and the Broadway National bank were closed at noon yesterday when it was found they could not meet their liabilities. The North Denver State bank was closed last night at the request of the officers of the institution after heavy run during the afternoon. Although no statement has been issued by Gordon Hollis, president of two of the closed banks, he replied affirmatively to questions that frozen paper on cattle loans was a cause of his two banks closing.
15.December 18, 1925Los Angeles Evening Post-RecordLos Angeles, CA
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Sig Smith gets paid for this. Otherwise there would be no use in doing it. He's performing from the top of the Western Union building in New York City.
FOURTH DENVER BANK IS CLOSED
Denver, Colo., Dec. 18.—Four banks have closed their doors in Denver within two days.
The Metropolitan State bank today failed to open its doors. Yesterday the Drovers' National, Broadway National and the North Denver State bank all were placed in the hands of federal and state examiners.
James E. Adams, president of the Metropolitan bank, said today that the bank had been turned over to state examiners at his request. The Metropolitan several weeks ago, according to Adams, had deposits of $400,000, and since that time they have been reduced to about $100,000.
"In view of the bad banking situation here and to protect the interests of our depositors," he said, "we deemed it advisable to turn the bank over to state officials."
A heavy run developed this morning when the Central Savings Bank & Trust company opened its doors. It was estimated that 500 persons were waiting in the street in front of the bank.
Police were in charge of the crowd and only a few were let into the bank at a time.
Rumors were afloat all over town and a serious situation was developing, with withdrawals increasing at many banks.
The Capitol Hill State bank was put in the hands of state examiners shortly after opening this morning when a crowd was found waiting to withdraw their accounts. This makes five banks with closed doors. The Capitol Hill State bank is a small suburban bank.
Probing Crashes In S. F. Building
San Francisco, Dec. 18.—Recommendation that the city building department add more inspectors was on file today from the coroner's jury which investigated a crash here this week in which four men were killed and eight injured.
The jury absolved from blame contractors putting up a new building beside the one that collapsed.
In another crash three months ago one man was killed and one injured.
Hunt Two Bodies In Monterey Bay
Monterey, Cal., Dec. 18.—Further search for the bodies of two men missing since early Monday when they and their boat disappeared on the bay here, was carried on today, following discovery of wreckage from the launch.
Nicholas Romanoff, importer and exporter, and Peter Remneff, the missing men were engaged in crab fishing when they dropped from sight. It is believed heavy surf at the mouth of the Salinas river swamped their launch.
SO THIS IS VENICE
VENICE—Radio amateurs in Venice who own private gondolas have fitted them with radio-receiving sets and small loud speakers. The new impression of this picturesque city will be gondolas floating about the canals on a moonlight night with the musical varieties of broadcast selections.
16.December 18, 1925Lincoln Journal StarLincoln, NE
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Denver State Close.
DENVER, Dec. 18.—(U.P.)—With five local banks closed and in the hands of bank examiners, all Denver nervously awaited the next move in financial circles today.
The Capitol Hill State bank was put in the hands of receivers this morning after the Metropolitan State bank failed to open its doors. Yesterday the Drovers' National, the Broadway National and the North Denver banks were placed in the hands of federal and state examiners.
Frozen credits and the depression in the livestock industry were jointly blamed for the closing of the institutions whose deposits total several millions of dollars.
James E. Adams, president of the Metropolitan bank said today that the bank had been turned over to state examiners at his request. Several weeks ago this bank had deposits of $400,000 but since that time they have been reduced to about $100,000.
17.December 18, 1925The Kentucky PostCovington, KY
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FIVE BANKS IN DENVER CLOSE
Frozen Paper on Cattle Loans Is Blamed
By United Press. DENVER, COL., Dec. 18.-With five local banks closed and in the hands of bank examiners, all Denver nervously next move financial circles today The Capital Hill State Bank was put in the hands of receivers today the Metropolitan State Bank failed to open its doors. Yesterday the Drovers National the Broadway National and North Denver State Banks were taken over by federal and state ex James E. Adams, president of Metropolitan, the bank had been turned over to state examiners his request. The Metropolitan several weeks ago had deposits $400,000, Adams Since that time they have dwindled to "In view of the bad banking situ ation here and to protect our depositors," he said, "we deemed it ad state visable turn the bank over to Drovens National Bank and the Broadway National Bank closed at noon They could not meet last North night Denver State Bank closed heavy Cockins, elected president run, of Central Savings Bank Trust Co., with resignation of Gordon HoMis, president issued of the two national banks, that his bank was not affected by Hollis' resignation.
FIVE BANKS IN DENVER CLOSE
Frozen Paper on Cattle Loans Is Blamed
By United Press. DENVER, COL., Dec. Gve local banks closed and in the hands of bank examiners, all Denver nervously move The Hill State Bank was put the hands the Metropolitan State Bank open its Yesterday Drovers National the Broadway National and the North Denver State Banks taken over by federal and state examiners James E. Adams, president of Metropolitan said today the bank had been over to state ex his The several weeks ngo had deposits of $400,000. Adams time they have dwindled to "In view of the bad banking situ visable the bank Drovers National Bank and the Broadway National Bank closed noon yesterday. They could not meet North Denver State Bank closed last night after heavy run. Central Savings Bank Trust Co. with resignation of Gordon Hollis, president of the two national banks. issued that his bank was not affected by resignation.
19.December 18, 1925York News-TimesYork, NE
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Three Denver Banks in Examiners' Hands
DENVER Colo., Dec. 18.-(UP) With Christmas shopping at its height, three Denver banks were today in the hands of bank examiners The Drovers National bank and the Broadway National bank were closed at noon yesterday when it was found they could not meet their liabilities. The North Denver State bank was closed last night at the request of the officers of the institution after a heavy run during the af-
Although no statement had been issued by Gordon Hollis, president of the two closed national banks, he replied to, questions that frozen loans on cattle were a cause of their closing.
20.December 18, 1925Redlands Daily FactsRedlands, CA
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Five Denver Banks Closed In Two Days; Situation is Serious
DENVER. Dec. Five banks have closed their doors in Denver within two days. The Metropolitan State Bank today failed to open its doors. Yesterday the Drovers National, Broadway National and the North State Bank all were placed in the hands of federal state James Adams. president the Metropolitan Bank. said tothat the bank had been turned over to state examiners his request. The Metropolitan several according Adams, deposits $400,000 and since that time they have been reduced about $100,000 view the bad banking situation and protect interests our depositors, he said. deemed advisable turn the bank over to state ficials The Drovers National Bank and the Broadway National closed noon yesterday when found could their liabilities. North DenState Bank closed last night the request institution after heavy during afternoon Although statement has issued Hollis. president of closed banks. replied affirmatively questions that frozen paper on cattle loans cause of his two banks closing heavy developed this morning when the Central Sav. ings Bank and Trust Company opened its doors. estimated that were waiting the street in front the bank. Police were in charge of the crowd only few were let the time. Rumors were afloat all over town and serious situation developing with withdrawals many banks. The Capitol State Bank put hands state examiners shortly after opening this morning when crowd found waiting withdraw their accounts This makes banks with closed doors The Capitol Hill State Bank small suburban bank
IOWA BANK CLOSED DOORS TODAY Iowa. Dec. Peoples Savings Bank here failed open its doors today. The closing the bank of Iowa. days ago. believed have caused heavy withdrawals from local bank. Deposits totalled $360,000 Officers of the bank declared today were confident they would able pay their positors in full and reorganize the bank.
21.December 18, 1925Riverside Daily PressRiverside, CA
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FOUR BANKS ARE CLOSED IN DENVER
DENVER, Colo., Dec. 18.—Four banks have closed their doors in Denver within two days.
The Metropolitan State bank today failed to open its doors. Yesterday the Drovers National, Broadway National and the North Denver State bank all were placed in the hands of federal and state examiners.
James R. Adams, president of the Metropolitan bank, said today that the bank had been turned over to state examiners at his request. The Metropolitan several weeks ago, according to Adams, had deposits of $400,000 and since that time they have been reduced to about $100,000.
"In view of the bad banking situation here and to protect the interests of our depositors," he said, "we deemed it advisable to turn the bank over to the examiners.
A heavy run developed this morning when the Central Savings Bank and Trust company opened its doors. It was estimated that 500 persons were in waiting in the street in front of the bank.
Police were in charge of the
22.December 18, 1925Riverside Daily PressRiverside, CA
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Excitement was high at the stock yards, where the Drovers is located.
Many passed by the bank but paused only to read the sign on the door which said the bank had been closed by the board of directors and was in the hands of federal examiners.
A heavy run started this afternoon on the North Denver bank, another of the Hollis banks. Between three and four hundred persons were crowding about the teller's cage and in the street shortly before closing time. Payments had not been stopped at 2:30 p. m.
Mrs. D. M. Dunlap, 285 East Eighth street, is leaving tomorrow for Aberdeen, Wash. accompanying her son, James Waugh, to his home in that city. She plans to remain over the holidays in Washington.
aid to a satisfactory understanding with Arizona, so that the necessary bill can be presented to congress at this session.
The president says an agreement is absolutely necessary.
CHAS. F. STURTEVANT,
Civil Engineer, 143 Strong St.,
Riverside, Cal.
23.December 19, 1925The McCook Daily GazetteMcCook, NE
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BANK PANIC DENVER SUBSIDES
Populace Quiets Down While Bankers Say Will Within Few Days
Denver, Dec. officials of five banks that closed in Denver Thursday and Friday were making efforts to reopen their closed institutions, excitement that prevailed here yesterday had moderated today. Gordon Hollis, president of ers National bank, and the Broadway National bank, the first two to close their doors, said work was der way to reopen the Broadway bank. Officials of the Metropolitan and Capitol Hill State banks placed their affairs in the hands of examiners yesterday and said they believed both would reopen in short time. No statement was forthcoming from the North Denver State bank, but was said to have been solvwhen Roberts, chief national bank examiner, remained in charge of the two banks, and will make statement within few days as to their condition.
24.December 20, 1925Star TribuneMinneapolis, MN
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Two Additional Banks Close Doors in Denver
Denver, Dec. 19. (By Associated Press.) small state failing to their dors yesterday, left Den pen ver with five closed banks. The banks, with total deposits of ap proximately $4,250,000. are the Broadway National bank, the Drovers' tional bank and the North Denver bank, which closed yesterday, and the Capitol Hill State bank and the Metropolitan State bank, which did not open today.
25.December 20, 1925The Daily WorkerNew York, Chicago, NY
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FIVE BANKS CLOSE IN DENVER WITHIN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS DENVER, Colo., Dec: 18.-The Metropolitan State Bank and the Capitol Hill State Bank closed their doors here today, bringing the number of banks to close up within 24 hours to five. The North Denver State Bank closed after examiners had taken charge of the Broadway National & Drovers' National Banks. Total deposits of $4,000,000 are involved. "Frozen" assets are given as the reasons for the closing of the banks. Depositors fearing loss of their savings have started runs on the other banks in the city.
Bank runs are almost always and everywhere a deterioration of bank fundamentals.
But not for you.
You are the measure-zero exception: great fundamentals, solid bank, and yet the Diamond Dybvig fairy spread its rumor. Depositors woke up. Your collateral was not prepositioned. The Clearinghouse had it for you.
Do not pass Go. Do not collect $200. Go directly to jail… or worse.
