gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
7e92b484819de94f
Response Measures
Accommodated withdrawals, Fed/other loan, Public signal of financial health
Events (2)
1.March 21, 1877Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2.February 18, 1930Run
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
Unspecified malicious or false rumors believed to have triggered deposit withdrawals; grand jury investigation was called to probe origin.
Measures
Bank paid all demands, kept open late to meet withdrawals, hired an orchestra and served sandwiches to calm depositors; closed overnight and reopened next morning.
Newspaper Excerpt
an investigation by the county grand jury was in prospect today, seeking to fix responsibility for the rumor believed to have caused a run of depositors on the First National bank of Fort Worth.
An by the county grand was in prospect to fix responsibility for the rumor to a run of depositors on the First National bank of Fort Worth. Bank officials an orchestra furnish music the lobby and served during the run. The bank did not close.
Good meat grinder-71 st Adv.
Bank Hires Orchestra, Serves Lunch To Depositors Who Demand Money chestra to furnish music in the lobFort Worth. Tex., Feb. 19 (AP) by and sandwiches were served to investigation by the county grand depositors and visitors. Speeches jury was in prospect today. seeking were made to the lobby throng by to fix responsibility for the rumor bank officers and others. believed to have caused a run of deWithdrawals became fewer and positors on the First National bank finally ceased altogether more than of Fort Worth an hour before 11 o'clock. when it Depositors began crowding into was decided to close the bank until the bank at 2 o'clock yesterday aftthis morning. ernoon. The institution remained President W. E. Connell joined open until 11 p. m. meeting all other officers of the bank in a statewithdrawals and assuring depositors ment that the bank was in the best their checks would be paid upon condition in its history and did not presentation. A gala touch was added when bank officials hired an or owe a cent to anyone or to any bank.
MYSTERIOUS RUN ON BANK WILL BE PROBED IN TEXAS
Powerful Fort Worth Institution Suffers As Officials Deny 'Owing One Cent'
CROWD IS ENTERTAINED
By The Associated Press FORT WORTH, Tex., Feb. 19.-An investigation by the county grand jury was in prospect today, seeking to fix responsibility for the rumor believed to have caused run of depositors on the First National bank of Fort Worth, one of the oldest and strongest financial institutions in the southwest. Criminal District Judge George E. Hosey said the investigation would be asked. Depositors began crowding into the bank at m. yesterday. The institution remained open until 11 p. m., meeting all withdrawals and assuring depositors their checks would be paid upon presentation. A gala touch was added when bank officials hired an orchestra to furnish music in the lobby and sandwiches were served to depositors and visitors. Speeches were made to the lobby throng by bank officers and others. Bank Is Closed Withdrawals became fewer and finally ceased about 10 p. m. when it was decided to close the bank until this morning President W. E. Connell joined other officers of the bank in statement that the bank was in the best condition in its history, did not owe cent to anyone or to any bank. Among those who addressed the crowds were W. T. Waggoner, millionaire Texas cattleman and oil man, and Lynn P. Talley, governor of the Dallas Federal Reserve bank Pledges His Wealth Waggoner pledged his entire wealth. which amounts to several times the total deposits of the bank, to the payment of all deposits. He urged the people to 'go to your homes and forget malicious rumors. He had been a stockholder and depositor of the bank for more than 50 years.
4.February 19, 1930Lincoln Journal StarLincoln, NE
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
BANK IS
Fort Worth Institution Calls in Band and Hot Dog Vendor.
FORT WORTH, run on the First National bank reached an end at Tuesday with paying tellers sitting idle in cages plentifully stocked with greenbacks. and with the Texas hotel orchestra playing out the dwindling crowd to the tune of "Home, Sweet Home" while Sheriff Red Wright passed out hot dog sandwiches. Music. sandwiches and cash had turned the run into the greatest advertising stunt in the institution's history, and Wednesday morning the doors were open for "business as usual," with no more than normal number of patrons in the lobby.
5.February 19, 1930The Tampa TimesTampa, FL
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
Big Bank on Given Gala Touch; Orchestra Plays
Fort Worth, Tex., Feb. by the county grand jury was in prospect today, seeking to fix responsibility for the rumor believed to have caused of depositors the First Na. tional bank Fort Worth, one the strongest financial institutions the inal District George the investigation Depositors began crowding into the bank o'clock afternoon. The institution mained open until meetwithdrawals assuring their checks would gala paid touch added when bank officials orchestra furnish music the lobby and sandwiches served to depositors and visSpeeches made lobby throngs by bank officials others. became fewer and finally ceased altogether before when decided close the bank until this morning President E. Connell joined other the the history, and did cent to anyone hank. Among those who addressed the crowds lionaire Texas cattle man and oil the Dallas federal reserve bank
6.February 19, 1930The Baltimore SunBaltimore, MD
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
Music, Sandwiches, Cash Served At Run On Bank
Fort Worth, Texas. Institution Meets All Demands-Origin of Rumor Undetermined Fort Worth. Texas, Feb. 18 While an orchestra played in the lobby and sandwiches were served visitors, the Frst National Bank of Fort Worth tonight paid all demands for cash. W. E. Connell, president,
7.February 19, 1930Middletown Times HeraldMiddletown, NY
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
Hot Dogs and Coffee Checks Run On Ft. Worth Bank vice" has been the keynote of the First National Bank of this chy and last night offidate served hot dogs and hot coffee to depositors who strint in long lines outside the bank wishing to Ithdraw their de. posits. The resulted in
8.February 19, 1930Spokane ChronicleSpokane, WA
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
FIDDLES SQUEAK IN RUN ON BANK
Even Serve Sandwiches to Anxious Customers Texas Will Probe Story.
FORT WORTH, Texas. Feb. 19. investigation by the county grand jury was in prospect today. seeking to fix responsibility for the rumor believed to have caused run of despositors the First National Bank of Fort of the oldest and strongest financial inin the Criminal District Judge George E. Hosey said the Investigation would be began crowding the bank yesterday afternoon. The institution remained open until meeting all and their checks would be paid upon gala touch added when bank officials hired an orchestra to furnish music in the lobby and served to visitors. Speeches were made to the lobby throng by bank orficers Withdrawals became fewer and finally ceased altogether more than an hour before o'clock. when it was decided to close the bank until this morning President W. E. Connell joined other officers of the bank in statement that the bank was in the best condition in its history. did not owe cent to any one or to any
9.February 19, 1930Spokane ChronicleSpokane, WA
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
FIDDLES SQUEAK IN RUN ON BANK
Even Serve Sandwiches to Anxious Customers Texas Will Probe Story.
FORT WORTH. Texas. Feb. 19. by the county grand jury prospect today, seeking to fix responsibility for the rumor believed to have caused run of despositors on the First National Bank of Fort Worth, one of the oldest and strongest financial Institutions In the southwest. CrimInal District Judge George E. Hosey said the investigation would be asked. Depositors began crowding Into the bank yesterday afternoon. The institution remained open until 11 meeting all withdrawals and assuring depositors their checks would be paid upon presentation. gala touch was added bank officials hired an orchestra furnish music in the lobby and sandwiches served to depositors and visitors. Speeches were made to the lobby throng by bank orficers and others became fewer and finally ceased altogether than an hour decided to close the bank unty this morning President W. E. Connell joined other officers of the bank in statement that the bank was in the best condition in its did not owe cent to any one or to any bank.
10.February 19, 1930Fort Collins ColoradoanFort Collins, CO
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
Grand Jury May Investigate Run Bank on
Fort Worth, vestigation by county grand jury was in prospect today, seeking fix for the rumor believed to have run of depositors the First National bank of Fort Worth, one of the oldstrongest financial institutions in the southwest. Criminal District Judge George E. Hosey said the investigations would be asked. Depositors began crowding the bank o'clock afternoon. The institution remained until 11 meeting assuring depositors their checks would be paid uptouch added when bank officials hired orchestra to furnish music in the lobby and sandwiches were served to depositors and visitors. Speechwere made to the lobby throng bank officials and others. finally ceased altogether more than Withdrawals became fewer and hour before 11 o'clock, when decided to close the bank until morning President E. Connell joined other the bank in statement that the bank was the best in its not owe cent anyone or bank. Among those who addressed the crowds Waggoner, millionaire Texas cattleman and man, and Lynn Talley, of the Dallas bank. pledged his entire several times total deposits the bank. to the of all depos itors. He urged he people to been
11.February 19, 1930The Hastings Daily TribuneHastings, NE
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
MUSIC ENDS BANK RUN
FORT WORTH, Tex., Feb. First National Bank reached end o'clock night with tellers sitidle cages plentifully stockwith the Hotel orchestra out the dwindling crowd the tune "Home, Sweet Home" while SherRed Wright passed out hot dog sandwiches. Music, sandwiches and cash had turned the into the greatest vertising stunt the institution's history, and this morning the doors open for "business usual," with more than normal ber of patrons in the lobby.
12.February 19, 1930Corpus Christi TimesCorpus Christi, TX
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
Tarrant Jury To Probe Run On Old Bank
Fort Worth First National Remains Open Until Late At Night So That Money Can Be Taken. to by District would an be had than hour of the to the in confined to small to several times that W. E. officers of the bank statement the bank
(Turn To Page Six.
13.February 19, 1930Wichita Falls TimesWichita Falls, TX
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
FORT WORTH BANK SERVES 'HOT DOGS' national bank the city and one of the strongest financial institutions the Southwest, an investigation by the Tarrant county grand was in prospect today. CrimDistrict Judge George Hosey said the investigation would be asked. After run that started at yesterday. the bank remained open o'clock last night, all assuring their checks would paid upon presentation. No quests for withdrawals had been made for more than before officials of the bank decided to conclude the day's business, stating the bank reopen today. While the run was in furnished music in the lobby and sandwiches were served depositors. Withdrawals were confined to small savings checking accounts, officials said. amounting about $300,000. while deposits during the day totaled that amount. Officials Statement President Connell, joined by other officers of the bank, sued statement that the bank was in the best condition its history and did not owe cent to anyone to any bank. Waggoner, multimillionaire Texas cattleman and oil man, Lynn Talley, of the DalFederal Reserve bank. addressed the crowds about the bank. Waggoner pledged entire wealth, which amounts several times the total deposits of the to the all deposits. He urged the people to to your homes and forget malicious He said he had been stockholder and depositor the bank for than 50 assured the crowd that the First National was the United States and declared that the aid of the federal reserve was at the disposal the He said $6,750,000 in currency had been the bank cars from Dallas and that the Federal Reserve bank ready lend its support to the First National any of the remaining national banks in the city.
DEFENSE RESTS SANITY HEARING FOR EVA DUGAN
FLORENCE Ariz., Feb. Counsel the sanity hearing for Mrs. Eva Dugan. sentenced to hang Friday for murder rested her case today. The state opened testimony calling its first Gardner. deputy sheriff of Pinal county and former prison guard.
14.February 19, 1930The Bismarck TribuneBismarck, ND
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
WORTH BANK INVESTIGATED
Meets All Withdrawals, Hires Orchestra and Serves Sandwiches During the Day
Fort Worth, Tex., Feb. 19.-(A)An investigation by the county grand jury was in prospect today, seeking to fix for the rumor believed to have caused run of depositors on the First National bank of Fort Worth. one of the oldest and strongest financial institutions in the southwest. Criminal District Judge George E. Hosey the investigawould asked. Depositors began crowding into the bank at o'clock yesterday afternoon. The open until 11 m., meeting all and depositors checks be paid upon gala touch was added when bank officials hired an to furnish music in the lobby and sandwiches were served to visitors. Speeches were made the lobby throng by bank officers and others. Withdrawals became fewer and finally ceased altogether more than an hour before 11 o'clock, when was decided to close the bank until this morning.
15.February 19, 1930The Bismarck TribuneBismarck, ND
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
WORTH BANK INVESTIGATED
Meets All Withdrawals, Hires Orchestra and Serves Sandwiches During the Day
Fort Worth, Tex., Feb. An by the county grand jury was in prospect today, seeking fix for the rumor believed to have caused run of depositors the First National bank of Fort Worth. of oldest and strongest institutions in the southwest. Criminal District Judge George Hosey the investigation would asked. Depositors began crowding into the bank o'clock yesterday The institution remained open until p. m., meeting all withdrawals and assuring depositors their checks would be paid upon presentation. gala touch was added when bank officials hired an orchestra furnish music in the lobby sandwiches were served depositors and visitors. Speeches were made to the lobby throng by bank officers and others. Withdrawals became fewer and finally ceased altogether more than an hour before o'clock. when was decided to close the bank until this morning.
16.February 19, 1930The Duncan BannerDuncan, OK
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
LUNCH SERVED WHEN RUN STARTS ON BANK
First National at Fort Worth Kept Open Tuesday Evening While Band Plays.
Fort Worth. Tox-A run on the First National Bank here reached an end with paying tellers sitting idle in backs and with the Texas Hotel orch. extra playing out the dwindling crowd to the time of "Home Sweet Home" while Shariff "Red" Wright passed out red hot dog sandwiches. Music, sandwiches and cash had turned the run into the greatest ad vartising atunt in the institution's history and Wednesday morning the doors were open for business as usual, with no more than A normal number of petrons in the lobby convinced that the bank had plenty of money stopped writing checks and left the paying tellers little to do other than are by and Item speakers on the bank's 100 percent condition.
17.February 19, 1930The Dothan EagleDothan, AL
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
Grand Jury May Seek Responsibility For Rumor That Caused Run On Bank
Run Begins Yesterday On First N ational Bank of Fort Worth. Texas; Bank Officials Hired Orchestra to Play and Served Sandwiches to Frantic Depositors
FORT WORTH the county for have Fort Judge main withdrawal and sand the
18.February 20, 1930Bryan-College Station EagleBryan, TX
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
False Rumors That Start Run Bank on Are Investigated
FORT Feb. 20. Fourteen persons were called to testify today in the Tarrant coungrand jury investigation to false rumors responsible for the run on the First National Bank Tuesday. Others are expected to be called.
Questioned Run Bank on FORT Feb. Fourteen persons were called testify today in the grand jury's investigation rumors the First National Tuesday attorney Stuart said othprobably would be called later. Among witnesses were the cafe. driver bakery cigar counter clerk, barber druggist These were traced Stuart and assistant, Elbert Hooper.
20.February 20, 1930Fremont TribuneFremont, NE
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
CENTENARIAN CUTS OFF A FEW YEARS
Fears Being Regarded As a Pretender
PALMER, MEB., Feb. 20 (U.R)Solemon Rickner, who has celebrated more than 100 birthdays, admitted Wednesday that he has out few years off his true age, but his reason for doing so is different than that which traditionally prompts women to reduce their number of years. "I usally give my age as 108 because don't want people to think am pretending to be than am, was born February 18, 1820. so that makes me really 110," Rickner said. "Now, don't say too much about me in the newspapers.' Rickner celebrated his birthday yesterday. George Corbett, law, with whom Rickner makes his home, told the United Press Rickner was 109. Others said he was 108; but Rickner declared modesty makes him give his age as 108 but that he actually is 110.
Henry W. Taylor said Wednesday that he had an interesting purpose to give zest to the remainder of his days. He wants to outlive Solomen Rickner of Palmer, Neb. Taylor is 106. Rickner is 109. Each of the men celebrated their birthdays Tuesday.
RUN ON TEXAS BANK IS TURNED TO AN ADVANTAGE
FORT WORTH, TEX., Feb. 20 (U.P)-A run on the First National bank reached an end at 8. o'clock last night with paying tellers sitting idle in cages plentifully stocked with greenbacks, and with the Texas Hotel orchestra playing out the dwindling crowd to the tune of "Home, Sweet Home" while Sheriff Red Wright passed out hot dog sandwiches. Music, sandwiches and cash had turned the run into the greatest advertising stunt Li the institution's history, and this morning the doors were open for "business as usual," with no more than normal number of patrons in the lobby.
Take lunch at the Candy Kitchen.
21.February 20, 1930The Sacramento UnionSacramento, CA
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
Run on Bank Halted, Money Redeposited
FORT WORTH, Tex., Feb 19 A run on the First National bank here, which was stemmed when officials kept the institution opened until 11 o'clock last night to accommodate all persons desiring to make withdrawals turned into backward trek of depositors today as confidence was restored.
22.February 21, 1930The Herald StatesmanYonkers, NY
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
RUN ON BANK STOPS WITH FOOD
Fort Worth Tex. run on the First National Bank was stopped after officials served dogs coffee all-night line positors.
23.March 6, 1930Seward Daily GatewaySeward, AK
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
RUN ON BANK FORT WORTH, Tex., Mar. 5, (AP) --A run on the First National Bank here which was stemmed when 0.4 ficials kept the institution open until 1 o'clock to accommodate all persons desiring to make withdrawals turned in to a backward trend of depositors as confidence was restored.
Bank runs are almost always and everywhere a deterioration of bank fundamentals.
But not for you.
You are the measure-zero exception: great fundamentals, solid bank, and yet the Diamond Dybvig fairy spread its rumor. Depositors woke up. Your collateral was not prepositioned. The Clearinghouse had it for you.
Do not pass Go. Do not collect $200. Go directly to jail… or worse.