gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
87c5afe7189c62ff
Response Measures
Accommodated withdrawals, Public signal of financial health, Capital injected, Full suspension
Receivership Details
Depositor recovery rate
56.8%
Date receivership started
1893-05-19
Date receivership terminated
1905-09-30
OCC cause of failure
Fraud
Share of assets assessed as good
23.2%
Share of assets assessed as doubtful
40.3%
Share of assets assessed as worthless
36.6%
Events (5)
1.October 3, 1881Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2.October 4, 1892Run
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
Withdrawals attributed to slanderous/malicious rumors and mischiefmakers.
Measures
Bank stood firm; prominent local figure (Col. N. N. Cox) deposited $10,000 and deposits resumed.
Newspaper Excerpt
The people who drew their money out of the Second National Bank of Columbia to-day, were the innocent and unconscious victims of idle, malicious mischiefmakers.
Source
newspapers
3.April 28, 1893Suspension
Cause
Local Banks
Cause Details
Continued withdrawals triggered by recent failures in Nashville led to temporary suspension.
Newspaper Excerpt
Owing to continued withdrawals of deposits since the Nashville failures, it is deemed best to suspend payments temporarily.
Source
newspapers
4.May 19, 1893Receivership
Source
historical_nic
5.May 19, 1893Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
Comptroller Eckels to-day appointed Mr. John T. Williamson, receiver of the Second National Bank of Columbia, Tenn., insolvent,
Source
newspapers
Newspaper Articles (22)
1.October 4, 1892The Columbia HeraldColumbia, TN
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Article Text
IF the slander-mongers and ghouls, who lack the industry and ability to make a fortune for themselves, and through malice and envy try to tear down the work of others, could be spotted and branded so that no one would believe them hereafter, there would be no more runs on banks, and the finances of the community would be less disturbed. The people who drew their money out of the Second National Bank of Columbia to-day, were the innocent and unconscious victims of idle, malicious mischiefmakers.
2.October 6, 1892The Morning NewsSavannah, GA
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Article Text
A Run on a Bank Ended. NASHVILLE, TENN.. Oct. 5.-A special to the American from Colu nbia says the run on the Second National Bank of that city is about over, and the people are again making deposits.
3.October 8, 1892Fort Worth GazetteFort Worth, TX
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Article Text
Funeral Directors' association of the United States and the "Dominion of Canada, is in session. Negroes are organizing near Camden, Ark., and a race war is threatened. A run is being made on the Second National bank of Columbia, Tenn.
4.October 14, 1892The Iola RegisterIola, KS
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Article Text
THE SOUTH. THE New Orleans exchange statement shows the smallest movement into sight of the crop for September since 1888. THE tenth annual convention of the National Association of Fire Chiefs was in session at Louisville, Ky. THE bodies of six sailors and wreckage of an unknown vessel have been washed ashore at Wilmington, N. C. GEN. JAMES G. FIELD, the people's party candidate for vice president, who was billed to speak at Huntington, W. Va., failed to arrive. The people's party managers did not know what had become of him. THE Florida election went in favor of the democrats by about 25,000 majority. THIEVES attempted to raid a store near Denny, Miss., and three persons who resisted them were killed. THE election for state officers occurred in Georgia on the 5th. The democratic ticket was elected over the people's by about 50,000 majority. A negro named Horton was shot dead near Augusta for interfering with some democratic negroes going to the polls. RAILROADS are suing Arkansas for twenty-six years' back interest on construction bonds. THERE is a movement on foot to erect a monument to Lafayette in the old graveyard near the Birmingham meeting house, where the hero drew his sword in the battle of Brandywine in 1777. THE run on the Second national bank, of Columbia, Tenn., is over, and the people are again making deposits. IN a desperate fight with moonshiners in Lincoln county, Tenn., S. D. Mather, deputy internal revenue collector, was shot and instantly killed and Joe Spurrier, special deputy collector, and C. S. Carwell, general deputy collector, were mortally wounded. MILLIE BROWN, a fifteen-year-old colored girl, was executed at Spartansburg, S. C., for the murder of W. C. Carpenter's infant at Gaffney City in June last. On the same scaffold a negro male murderer was hanged at the same time. BEFORE the Young Men's Republican club of Baltimore, Hon. Albert Griffin recently made a strong address on the political situation in the south. ALBERT FOSTER, under arrest as an accomplice in the murder of ex-Congressman Morgan, of Hernando, Miss, died in jail at Holly Springs.
5.October 15, 1892The Ohio DemocratLogan, OH
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Article Text
Bank Run Ceasing. COLUMBIA, Tenn., Oct. 6.-The run on the Second national bank is about over, and people are again making deposits.
6.April 29, 1893The Record-UnionSacramento, CA
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Article Text
Payment Suspended. COLUMBIA (Tenn.), April 28.-This morning the doors of the Second National Bank were closed. The following notice was posted thereon: "Owing to continued withdrawals of deposits since the Nashville failures, it is deemed best to suspend payments temporarily." No statement of the bank's affairs has yet been made public.
7.April 29, 1893The Morning CallSan Francisco, CA
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Article Text
Deposits Withdrawn. COLUMBIA, Tenn., April 28.-This morning the doors of the Second National Bank were closed. The following notice was posted thereon : "Owing to continued withdrawals of deposits since the Nashville failures it Is deemed best to suspend payments temporarily." No statement of the bank's affairs has yet been made public.
8.April 29, 1893The Seattle Post-IntelligencerSeattle, WA
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Article Text
The Second National bank, of Columbia, Team., suspended on April 28.
9.April 29, 1893The Salt Lake HeraldSalt Lake City, UT
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Article Text
A Tennessee Bank Closed. COLUMBIA, Tenn., April 28.-This morning the doors of the Second National bank closed. The following notice was posted thereon: "Owing to continued withdrawals of deposits since the Nashville failures, it is deemed best to suspend payment temporarily." No statement of the bank's affairs is yet made public.
10.May 3, 1893Watertown RepublicanWatertown, WI
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Article Text
TENNESSEE BANK FAILS. Another Concern at Nashville Forced to Close Its Doors. NASHVILLE, Tenn., April 29.-A Columbia, Tenn., special says: "Promptly at 9 A. M. yesterday morning the doors of the Second National Bank of Columbia were closed. Cashier Childress said that since the run was made on his bank in October which it stood without shaking, he had smooth and easy sailing until the recent failures in Nashville. No statement of the bank's affairs have as yet been made public."
11.May 4, 1893Eagle River ReviewEagle River, WI
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Article Text
TENNESSEE BANK FAILS. Another Concern at Nashville Forced to Close Its Doors. NASHVILLE, Tenn., April 29.-A Columbia, Tenn., special says: "Promptly at 9 A. M. yesterday morning the doors of the Second National Bank of Columbia were closed. Cashier Childress said that since the run was made on his bank in October which it stood without shaking, he had smooth and easy sailing until the recent failures in Nashville. No statement of the bank's affairs have as yet been made public."
12.May 4, 1893The Redwood GazetteRedwood Falls, MN
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Article Text
A Tennessee Bank Fails. NASHVILLE, Tenn., April 29. - The Second national bank of Columbia, 40 miles south of Nashville, Friday posted a notice on its doors that it had temporarily suspended business. The notice was in these words: "Owing to the continued withdrawals of de posits from this bank since the Nashville failures we deem it best to suspend payment temporarily."
13.May 5, 1893The Weekly Union TimesUnion, SC
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Article Text
A Columbia Bank This Time. A Columbia, Tenn., special says: At 9 o'clock Friday morning the doors of the Sec nd National Bank, of Columbia, were closed and the following notice was posted thereon: "Owing to continued withdrawals of deposits from this bank since the Nashville failures, it is deemed b st to suspend payment temporarily." Cashier Childress said that since the run was made on the bank in October, which it stood without shaking, he had smooth and easy sailing until the recent failures in Nashville. No statement of the bank's affairs has as yet been mide public.
14.May 5, 1893Iowa County DemocratMineral Point, WI
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Article Text
Bank Closed at Columbia, Tenn. COLUMBIA, Tenn., April 2). 1 Promptly at 9 o'clock yesterday morning the doors of the Second National Bank of Columbia were closed and the following notice was thereon: "Owing to the continued withdrawals of deposits from this bank since the Nashville failures it is deemed best to suspend payment temporarily." Cashier Childress said that since the run was made on his bank in October, which it stood without shaking, he had had smooth and easy sailing until the recent failures in Nashville. No statement of the bank's affairs has been made public.
15.May 20, 1893The TimesRichmond, VA
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Article Text
A Receiver Appointed. WASHINGTON, D. C., May 19.-Comptroller Eckels to-day appointed Mr. John T. Williamson, receiver of the Second National Bank of Columbia, Tenn., insolvent,
16.May 26, 1893The Columbia HeraldColumbia, TN
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Article Text
K 2568. Treasury Department. Office of THE COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY. E. S. WASHINGTON, D.C., C. J. S. May 19, '93. Notice is hereby given to all persons who may have claims against "The Second National Bank of Columbia," Tennessee, that the same must be presented to John T. William. son, Receiver, with legal proof, there. of within three months from this date, or they may be disallowed. JAMES H. ECKLES. Comptroller of the Currency. may26 3m
17.June 2, 1893The Columbia HeraldColumbia, TN
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Article Text
Notice is hereby given to all persons who may have claims against "The Second National Bank of Columbia," Tennessee, that the same must be presented to John T. William son, Receiver, with legal proof, there. of within three months from this date, or they may be disallowed. JAMES H. ECKLES. Comptroller of the Currency. may26 3m
18.July 14, 1893The Columbia HeraldColumbia, TN
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Article Text
[K 2568. Treasury Department. Office of THE COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY. E. S. WASHINGTON, D.C., C. J. S. May 19, '93. Notice is hereby given to all persons who may have claims against "The Second National Bank of Columbia," Tennessee, that the same must be presented to John T. William son, Receiver, with legal proof, there. of within three months from this date, or they may be disallowed. JAMES H. ECKLES. Comptroller of the Currency. may26 3m
19.July 28, 1893The Columbia HeraldColumbia, TN
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Article Text
[K 2568. Treasury Department. Office of THE COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY. E. S. WASHINGTON, D.C., C.J.S. May 19, '93. Notice is hereby given to all persons who may have claims against "The Second National Bank of 'Columbia," Tennessee, that the same must be presented to John T. William. son, Receiver, with legal proof, there. of within three months from this date, or they may be disallowed. JA MES H. ECKLES. Comptroller of the Currency. may263m
20.June 19, 1896The Columbia HeraldColumbia, TN
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Article Text
Second National Bank Dividend. The Second National Bank has declared another 10 per cent dividend. The checks have all been properly signed and returned from Washington and are now ready to be delivered. Depositors will please call and bring their certificates with them; they cannot get their dividends without their certificates. JOHNT. WILLIAMSON. Receiver. jun12 2t
21.July 7, 1899The Columbia HeraldColumbia, TN
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Article Text
Second National Bank. Washington correspondent of Banner: "The Comptroller of the Currency has authorized the receiver of the Second National Bank at Columbia to close out ail the remaining assets of the bank and close up its career during the coming quarter. Up to date, the bank has paid 55 per cent of its liabilities, amounting to $85,386.01, the assessments on the stock having been 100 per cent."
22.October 10, 1913The Columbia HeraldColumbia, TN
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Article Text
Twenty-One Years Ago in Columbia (The Daily Herald, Oct., 3, 1892.) As had been expected there was a considerable run on the Second National Bank this morning but the bank stood the run as firmly as the Rock of Gibraltar. The back bone of the run has already been broken and it is confidently expected that the bank will resume business tomorrow morning just as though nothing out of the ordinary had happened. Col. N. N. Cox, the congressman from this district, came to the relief of the bank and proved his confidence in it by depositing $10,000of good Williamson county gold. When the bank opened at 9 o'clock the big crowd that surged in at the doors was confroned by Cashier Geo. Childress looking at them coolly and cheerfully from behind stacks of gold and silver and green backs and bank notes that would have paid a king's ransom. The bank emerged from the run stronger than ever, the deposits for the day being $19,000 while the withdrawals were only $6,000. The street C21 ran away in front of S. W. Scotts and the mules were thrown down. The car jumped the track and the passengers were badly frightened but no one was hurt. The county court, with the full attendance of fifty-two, convened this morning. A poor house commissioner will be electΔd. Mrs. Robt. Pillow has returned from a visit to Nashville. Windy T: Ownby blew his republican trumpet at the public square today amid the applause of a considerable crowd of "coons, scalawags and Populists." H. A. McLemore has moved to the Mayes residence on Sixth street. Mittie Elam is recovering. Mrs. J. P. Street and Miss Lucile have returned from Nashville. F. S. Woldridge, after a visit to his brother, has returned to New York.
Bank runs are almost always and everywhere a deterioration of bank fundamentals.
But not for you.
You are the measure-zero exception: great fundamentals, solid bank, and yet the Diamond Dybvig fairy spread its rumor. Depositors woke up. Your collateral was not prepositioned. The Clearinghouse had it for you.
Do not pass Go. Do not collect $200. Go directly to jail… or worse.
