First National Bank (Birmingham, AL)

Episode Information

Episode UID
318501122
Episode Type
Run โ†’ Suspension โ†’ Reopening
Bank Type
national
Bank ID
31850 national
Charter Number
3185
Start Date
June 22, 1893
Location
Birmingham, Alabama (33.521, -86.802)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
b42b6b9bb51da9b1

Response Measures

Accommodated withdrawals, Capital injected, Full suspension, Books examined

Clearinghouse involved: Yes (loan, examination, or other measures)

Events (4)

1. May 15, 1884 Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2. June 22, 1893 Run
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
Unfounded rumor/false story that the bank had refused to pay an $80,000 check tied to gossip about the Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Company; only small depositors withdrew.
Random Run
Yes
Random Run Snippet
Unfounded rumor that bank refused to pay an $80,000 check
Measures
Paid out cash to depositors (about $40,000โ€“$30,000 at midday); declined an offered $300,000 from New York.
Newspaper Excerpt
An unfounded rumor that the First National Bank had refused to pay a check for $80,000 precipitated a run on that institution this morning.
Source
newspapers
3. August 2, 1893 Suspension
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
Continued withdrawals following earlier panic and inability to collect funds quickly enough to meet demands led to suspension (notice cited continual withdrawals and inability to realize).
Newspaper Excerpt
The First National bank has suspended. Its assets are $1,350,000; its liabilities $650,000.
Source
newspapers
4. October 9, 1893 Reopening
Newspaper Excerpt
The First National Bank of Birmingham, Ala., which suspended payment August 2, 1893, has been permitted to reopen its doors for business.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (19)

Article from The Providence News, June 22, 1893

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New York Market. SPECIAL TO THE NEWS. NEW YORK, June 22.-The London mark is still about 1/8 off. and dull. The doman't for currency for the West is falling off, but the Pacific Coast has been assing for some, Two millions and a half of Clearinz House certificates have been taken out so far. Manhattan will probably accept the offer of the Rapid Transit commission. Rock Island declared a 1 per cent. dividend, payable Aug. 1. The books close June 29 and re pen July 31. The Reading plan is a failure and will be officially declared so today. Our despatches announces a run on the First National Bank of Birmingham, Alabama. The gov rnment prepays July interest on Monday. A J. Weil and A. H. Combs are the le ders on he bear side, and try to make animpression whenever\hoy see ac lance.


Article from The Morning News, June 23, 1893

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A BANK RUN AT BIRMINGHAM The Scare Started by a False Story of a Failure. Birmingham, Ala., June 29-There was a run on the First National bank, the strongest financial institution of this city to-day caused by idle gossip connected with the failure of the Tennessee Coal Iron and Railway Company to pay its employes lastSaturday. The First National is the Tennessee Company's depository here, but otherwise is not in any way connected with the company. Only small depositors took part in the run, and they drew about $20,000. The deposits of the day trebly exceeded that amount. The run was soon over and there is no danger of it being renewed. An evidence of the bank's strength was shown in an offer of $300,000 from New York, which was declined. The individual deposits subject to check exceed $70,000, and the bank is in a position to meet every possible demand upon its resources. The Tennessee company employs about 1,000 miners here, and the failure to pay last Saturday was explained by inability to prepare the pay rolls owing to physical accident at the last moment to the chief clerk. The suspicion of the men was aroused, however, and the trouble was charged to the First National bank which really does nothing more than act as paymaster of the company. The company does not owe the bank nor does the bank owe the company. The relation between the two is purely one of convenience. Rumors that have gone about that the Tennessee company has gone into the hands of a receiver are without foundation.


Article from New-York Tribune, June 23, 1893

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SHORT RUN ON AN ALABAMA BANK. Eirmingham, Ala., June 22.-An unfounded rumor that the First National Bank had refused to pay a check for $80,000 precipitated a PUR on that institution this morning. The bank paid out about $40,000 up to noon, when confidence was restored and the run ceased.


Article from Morning Journal and Courier, June 23, 1893

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BIRMINGHAM, Ala., June 22.-An-unfounded rumor that the First National bank had refused to pay a check for $80,000 precipitated a run on that institution this morning. The bank paid out about $40,000 up to noon when the run ceased.


Article from The Roanoke Times, June 23, 1893

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Financial Failures Yesterday POMONA, Cal., June - The People's Bank did not open this morning. This notice was on the door: "Owing to the existing financial stringency the board of directors of this bank have decided to temporarily close its doors. Depositors will be paid in full." NASHVILLE, Tenn., June 22.-B. T. Rhea & Son, grain dealers, assigned for the benefit of their creditors to-day. Liabilities $100,000, with about equal assets. Local banks are the largest creditors. NEW YORK, June 22.-The Post announces the failure of Henry Sheldon & Co., the well known tea and coffee firm. They are highly rated in the commercial agencies and have resources between $200,000 and $300,000. BIRMINGHAM, Ala., June 21.-There was a run on the First National Bank, the strongest financial institution of this city, to-day, caused by idle gossip connected with the failure of the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company to pay its employes last Saturday. It was checked, however, without damage being done.


Article from Omaha Daily Bee, June 24, 1893

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Article Text

Idle Gassip Causes H Run. BIRMINGHAM, Ala., June 23.-There was run on the First National bank of this city, caused by idle gossip connected with the failure of the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad company to pay its obligations last Saturday. The First National bank is the Tennessee company's depository here, but otherwise is not in any way connected with it. Many small depositors took part in the run and they drew about $30,000. The deposits of the day were three times that amount. The run was soon over and there is no danger of its being renewed. An evidence of the bank's strength was shown in an offer of $300,000 from New York, which was declined.


Article from The Star, June 28, 1893

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LATE TELEGRAPHIC JOTTINGS BOTH FROM HOME AND ABROAD. What is Going On the World Over. Important Events Briefly Chronicled. Financial and Commercial. RIDGWAY, PA.-The Ridgway bank. private institution, closed its doors, finiding it impossible to realize on securities. The estimated assets are $534,000, liabilities, $21,000. The City National Bank, Greenville, Mich.. suspended after a run. Deposits. $210,000; assets, $312,000. The Bank of Commerce, San Francisco, suspended yesterday, and the First National bank and Commercial bank of Santa Ana, Cal., did not open. The amount of clearing house certificates issued at New York Thursday was $2,350,000. This brings the total up to $4,900,000 since it was decided to issue the certificates. B. T. Ren & Son, grain dealers, Nashville, Teun., made an assignment Liabilities, $100,000, with about equal assets. Henry Sheldon & Co., tea and coffee dealers, of New York, have failed. Their resources are between $200,000 aud $300,000. BIRMINGHAM, ALA.-An unfounded rumor that the First National Bank has refused to pay a check for $80,000 precipitated a run Thursday morning. The bank paid out about $41,0 0 up to noon, when confidence was restored and the run ceased.


Article from The Morning Call, August 3, 1893

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Mr. Carlisle Has Plenty of Gold. THE RESERVE MADE GOOD. There Is a Surplus in the Treasury, and Millions More Are on the Way. Special to THE MORNING CALL WASHINGTON, Aug. 1.-For the first time since April 20 last, when the gold reserve fell below the $1,000,000 mark. the reserve in amounts or is 701,370 the treasury has $791,370 been to-day made free gold. good. This The to gold gold $100,from Europe, Mexico and the West Indies, much of it being gold sent out from the United States during the late spring and early summer months. Information in treasury circles indicates that there is $10,000,000 now on its way from Europe to the United States and most of this, it is expected, will find its way, as usual, into the treasury. While the gold reserve is intact and the free gold is climbing up, the treasury net balance is declining, it is stated to-day the amount being $17,251,000. The receipts, too, for the past two days have been disappointing, business troubles throughout the country having an effect upon the Government revenue. Everything that situation. after can be a done conference Secretary being done in Carlisle New to relieve York to-day. with the eminent financiers, directed acting Secretary Curtis to send the following telegram to the 150 bank depositories throughout United States: Your authorized balance is hereby fixed at par of security. Transfer the excess. whenever practicable, to the nearest subtreasury." "This action of the Treasury Department will release to the banks about $900,000 and is intended, as far as practicable, to relieve the financial stringency prevailing in the country. The circulation statement issued by the Treasury Department to-day shows the amount of gold and silver coin and certificates, United States notes and national bank notes in circulation on August 1 was $1,611,099,117, an increase during the month of July of $17,237,606. The increase during the last twelve months was, in round tigures, $9,000,000. The per capita circulation, based on an estimated population of 67,066,000 on August 1. was $24 02. Three national bank failures were reported to Comptroller Eckels this morning. The E1 Paso National Bank at E! Paso, Tex., capital $150,000; the First National at Birmingham, Ala., capital $250,000; the Waupaya County National Bank of Waupaya, Wis., capital $50,000. The Birmingham and El Paso banks carried quite a heavy line of deposits. Thomas A. Marlow was to-day appointed receiver of the Montana National Bank at Helena. NEW YORK, Aug. 2.-Frederick D. Tappen, president of the Gallatin National Bank and chairman of the Clearing-house loan committee, said to-day that several large national banks were going to buy some of the United States 4 per cent bonds held by the savings banks and take out currency against them. "There was no syndicate nor concerted plan by the Clearing-house banks in the matter," he said. "It was simply individual action between the banks. It was expected the banks buying bonds would get them for a little less than the current market rate, because if the savings banks were compelled to put a large amount of their bonds on the open market the price would certainly be forced down to 104 or 105, and perhaps even less." This afternoon Secretary Carlisle junched with Sub Treasurer Jordan and ex-Secretary Fairchild. Later he visted the sub-treasury and customhouse. He met no bankers and said he had DO opinion to express on the financial situation or the probable action of Congress. He said he, personally, was in favor of allowing the national banks to issue circulation to the par value of the bonds deposited as security. There was no likelihood of any action by Congress on that point at the extra session. however. DENVER, Aug. 2.-T. E. Jeffrey, president of the Rio Grande, was to-day appointed receiver of the Rio Grande Southern. on application of Otto Meyers of the latter. MILWAUKEE, Aug. -An official notice has been issued by the St. Paul Railway ordering a cut of 10 per cent in the wages of all employes of the commercial department whose pay exceeds $50 per month. ELYRIA, Ohio, Aug. 2.-The Lorain Manufacturing Company, the largest brass works in the country. has failed; assets $192,000, liabilities $125,000. CHICAGO. Aug. 2.-Adam Smith & Co., wholesale liquor-dealers, have assigned. Assets $150,000. liabilities $125,000. NEW YORK, Aug. 2.-Sulzbacher, Gitterman & Wade, importers of woolens, made an assignment to-day without preferences. The business is an d-established one, having been founded in 1856. In 1878 they were estimated to be worth $1.000,000, but the business bas fallen off, and lately the capital was estimated at only $230,000. The attorneys estimate that the liabilities are $120,000. with assets nominally the same.


Article from The Sun, August 4, 1893

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NEW BANK TROUBLES, Financial Institutions Unable to Bear the Pressure Longer. HELENA, Mont., Aug. 3.-H. A. Marlow has been named by the Comptroller as receiver for the Montana Ntaional Bank, which closed last week. It is believed the bank will pay all depositors in full. DENVER. Aug. 3.--F. W. Popple was yesterday appointed receiver for the Hamilton Loan and Trust Company of this city on the application of Samuel E. Belcher and others, the defendant consenting to the suit. The company was organized under the laws of Nebraska, and has done a large amount of business in that State. Colorado, and Kansas. MILWAUKE, Aug. 3.-Bank Examiner Lynch has finished his examination of the books of the Milwaukee National Bank of Wisconsin, and has forwarded his report to the Comptroller of the Currency. He says the bank is solvent. Mr. Lynch will remain in charge of the bank until it resumes or until it is put into the hands of a receiver for the winding up of its affairs. WASHINGTON, D. C., Aug. 3.-Comptroller Eckels to-day appointed Edward Hawkins of Indianapolis. ex-United States Marshal for Indiana. receiver of the Indianapolis National Bank. which closed its doors to business on July 25. Comptroller Eckels has directed Bank Examiner Carskadon to take charge of the failed First National Bank of Birmingham. Ala. Examiner Rushing. of the failed El Paso, Tex., National Bank. and Examiner Thom of the failed Wamaca. Wis., County National Bank. DENVER. Aug. 3.-William Coleman. a depositor in the suspended People's Savings Bank. has begun suit against the bank. its officers. shareholders. and directors to recover $2,000. which he had on deposit. He also asks for an execution against the bodies of the defendnnts. and that they be placed in jail until judgment shall be obtained and satisfied. Charges of fraud and conspiracy are made against the bank authorities. President Lawrence of the suspended bank is now in New York endeavoring to raise money with which to reopen the institution. STEVENS POINT. Wis., Aug. 3.-After standing an almost continuous run since June 25, during which more than $120.000 was paid out to depositors and certificate holders, the Commercial Bank of Stevens Point closed its doors this morning. The assets are more than $200,000 and the liabilities are less than $100,000. ANTHONY. Kan., Aug. 3.-The Savings Bank of Anthony failed vesterday. The County Treasurer had $14,875 on deposit. LINCOLN. Neb., Aug. 3.-Receiver Hayden of the Capital National Bank has given verbal notice to State Treasurer Bartley that the claims of the State for the amount of its de-


Article from Daily Kennebec Journal, August 4, 1893

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Depositors Will Lose Nothing. BIRMINGTON, Ala., Aug. 3-The First National bank has closed. A notice'says all depositors will be paid in full. Inability to realize was the cause. All excitement was promptly allayed and a slight run on the other bank was soon over.


Article from The Kimball Graphic, August 5, 1893

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Bank Failure at Birmingham. BIRMINGHAM, Ala., Aug. 3.-The First National bank failed to open its oors Wed nesday morning. A notice was posted on the outsido saying: "Continual withdrawals of deposits and inability to collect money fast enough to meet the same caused the suspension." The capital is $250,000; assets, $1,350,000; liabilities, $650,000. A run on other banks is threatened.


Article from The Western Sentinel, August 10, 1893

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The Birmingham Bank Will Resume. BIRMINGHAM, Ala., August .-The plan for the resumption of the busi ness of the First National bank has been approved by the clearing house and cheerfully endorsed by depositors. Confidence is generally maintained A and the situation is tranquill. fortnight will probably see the First National resume. Holders of about $300,000 of claims have signed the agreement allowing the bank to resume. It is believed that all depositors will sign it. The small runs on the other banks did not effect anything.


Article from The Western Sentinel, August 10, 1893

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AFTER the lapse of several days there is another bank failure in the South. The First National Bank of Birmingham, Ala., has suspended. Its assets are $1,350,000; its liabilities $650,000. It therefore has two dollars for every one it owes.


Article from Evening Star, October 9, 1893

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A Bank Reopens. The First National Bank of Birmingham, Ala., which suspended payment August 2, 1893, having fully complied with the conditions imposed by the controller of the currency and its capital stock being unimpaired, has been permitted to reopen its doors for business.


Article from The Times, October 10, 1893

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Reopens for Business. WASHINGTON, D. C., Oct. 9.-The First National Bank, of Birmingham, Alabama, which suspended August 2, 1893, has been permitted to reopen for business.


Article from The Morning News, October 10, 1893

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A Bank to Resume Business. Washington, Oct. 9.-The First National Bank of Birmingham, Ala., which suspended on Aug. 2, has been permitted to reopen for business.


Article from Pine Bluff Daily Graphic, October 13, 1893

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Bank Resumed. BIRMINGHAM, Ala., Oct. 13.-The First National bank of Birmingham, Ala., which suspended Aug. 2 has resume 1. N. E. Barker of Chattanooga is the new president.


Article from The Star, October 18, 1893

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Financial and Commercial. The First National Bank, of Birmingham, Ala., which suspended payment August 2, 1893, has been permitted to open its doors for business. The People's National Bank and the Citizens National Bank of Pulaski. Tenn., resumed full payment of depositors. The Commercial Bank and Trust Company of Pulaski has also resumed full payment. Wilbur, Jackson & Co., and Sheldon & Binney, banking firms of Providence, R. I., suspended. The failures were caused by the depreciation in the stock of the Denver Street Railway Company for which both banks are heavy endorsers.


Article from The Middleburgh Post, October 19, 1893

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Financial and Commercial. The First National Bank, of Birmingham, Ala., which suspended payment August 2, 1893, has been permitted to open its doors for business. The People's National Bank and the Citizens National Bank of Pulaski. Tenn., resumed full payment of depositors. The Commercial Bank and Trust Company of Pulaski has also resumed full payment. Wilbur, Jackson & Co., and Sheldon & Binney, banking firms of Providence, R. I., suspended. The failures were caused by the depreciation in the stock of the Denver Street Railway Company for which both banks are heavy endorsers.