gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
9f4e964373263487
Response Measures
Accommodated withdrawals, Borrowed from banks or large institutions, Public signal of financial health, Capital injected
Events (3)
1.September 2, 1890Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2.March 23, 1897Run
Cause
Local Banks
Cause Details
Run triggered by suspension/failure of the Farmers and Merchants' Bank (and failure of cotton buyers Martin, Wise & Fitzhugh) leading depositors to withdraw from City National.
Measures
Col. George F. Hicks deposited $100,000 on the counter; bank announced it would remain open until 6 p.m. to pay depositors; checks were promptly cashed.
Newspaper Excerpt
A big run is in progress at the City National Bank. The line of waiting depositors extends in the street.
Source
newspapers
3.August 31, 1926Voluntary Liquidation
Source
historical_nic
Newspaper Articles (10)
1.March 23, 1897Daily CameraBoulder, CO
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Article Text
BUSINESS CASUALTIES. An Immense Failare of a Texan Banking Concern. Paris, Texas, March 23.-The Farmers and Merchant's bank suspended this morning. The failure was due to the suspension of Martin, Wise & Fitzhugh yesterday. As a result a big run is go ing on today at the City National bank. Capital stock $200,000, surplus $55,000. Deposits $250,000, loans and discounts $250,000.
2.March 23, 1897Alexandria GazetteAlexandria, VA
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Article Text
Bank Troubles. PARIS, Tex., March 23.-The Farmers and Merchants' Bank, of this city, suspended this morning. The failure was caused by the suspension yesterday of Martin, Wise and Fitzhugh, cotton buyers. The capital stock was $200,000; surplus, $55,000; deposits $250,000; loans and discounts, $200,000. A big run is in progress at the City National Bank. The line of waiting depositors extends in the street. Excitement runs high.
3.March 24, 1897The Indianapolis JournalIndianapolis, IN
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Article Text
TEXAS BANK CLOSED. Flurry Caused by Failure of the Farmers' and Merchants', of Paris. PARIS, Tex., March 23.-The Farmers' and Merchants' Bank closed its doors at 10 o'clock this morning. It was one of the oldest institutions in the State, and had a paid-up capital of $200,000. The failure of Martin, Wise & Fitzhugh yesterday caused a run on the bank, which forced it to the wall. John Martin was president of the bank until yesterday, when he resigned. When the Farmers' and Merchants' Bank closed its doors the news flew over the city like wildfire. People became panic-stricken. A rush was made for the City National Bank, which was a large creditor of Martin, Wise & Fitzhugh, and the people began to withdraw their deposits. An excited crowd gathered in front of the building along the sidewalks the length of the block. It became necessary for the police to clear a passage. Everybody expected the doors to close every moment. At 11 o'clock Colonel George F. Hicks, vice president of the First National, walked into the City National with $100,000 and told the depositors to "come on and get your money. The officials of the City National announced that it would remain open until 6 o'clock to pay deposits. This quieted the fears of some, but a great many continued to draw out their money. It is difficult to predict the end.
4.March 24, 1897The Wilmington Daily RepublicanWilmington, DE
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Article Text
A Texas Bank Succumbs. Paris, Tex., March 24.--The Farmers' and Merchants' bank closed its doors yesterday. It was one of the oldest financial institutions in the state, and had a paid up capital of $200.000. The failure of Martin, Wise & Fitzhugh caused a. run on the bank, which forced it to the wall. John Martin was president of the bank until Monday, when he resigned. There was a run on the City National bank by frightened depositors, but all claims were paid.
5.March 24, 1897The Brunswick TimesBrunswick, GA
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Article Text
BAD BANKING. Two Texas Banks in Trouble-One Has Suspendd. Paris, Texas, March 23.-The Farmers and Merchants bank here suspended this morning. The failure was caused by the suspension yesterday of Martin, Wise & Fitzhugh, cotton buyers. RUN ON ANOTHER BANK. A big run is in progress at the City National bank. The line of waiting depositors extends into the street and excitement runs high.
6.March 24, 1897The Portland Daily PressPortland, ME
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Article Text
Run on Texas Bank. Paris, Texas, March 23.-There was a big run on the City National bank today. The bank is a large creditor of Martin Wise and Fitzhugh. At 11 o'clock Col. Hicks, vice president of the First National bank, laid $100,000 on the City National banks counter and told the people to come forward and get their money. This was followed by the announcement that the bank would remain open until six to pay depositors. This allayed the fears of some, but many continued to withdraw their money. Apprehensions are felt for the banks in neighboring towns, which are involved in the failure of the Martin Wise, and Fitzhugh.
7.March 24, 1897The Daily Morning Journal and CourierNew Haven, CT
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Article Text
TEXAS BANKS EMBARRASSED. A Suspension at Paris and a Big Run on Another Bank. Paris, Tex., March 23.-The Farmers and Merchants' bank of this city suspended this morning. The failure was caused by the suspension yesterday of Martin, Wise & Fitzhugh, cotton buyers. A statement of assets and liabilities has not yet been given out. A big run is in progress at the City National bank. The line of waiting depositors extends into the street. Excitement runs high.
8.March 24, 1897The Salt Lake HeraldSalt Lake City, UT
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Article Text
"HOORAY FOR M'KINLEY." BIG TEXAS BANK IS FORCED TO THE WALL. Action Precipitated by the Failure of a Cotton Firm, and a Run by Depositors as the Result. Paris, Tex., March 23.-This morning the Farmers' and Merchants' bank, one of the oldest and thought to be the strongest financial institution in North Texas, with a paid up capital of $200,000, and a surplus of $60,000, made an assignment and closed its doors. This action was precipitated by the failure of the cotton firm of Martin, Wise & Fitzhugh yesterday. It was known that the firm owed the bank money, but how much could not be learned, and depositors became alarmed and a run began. All checks presented vesterday were promptly cashed. The bank officials foresaw that if the run was kept up it would be forced to the wall and appealed to the other local banks for assistance, but were refused. When the doors opened this morning the run was renewed and kept up until it was forced to close. There was also a run on the City National bank, which lasted for several hours, but ,depositors were promptly paid. Assistance was received from other points, and tonight it is thought the heavy withdrawals will not seriously affect the bank. It is believed the Farmers' and Merchants' bank has ample assets to pay all liabilities and will reorganize on a reliable basis.
9.March 24, 1897The Evening HeraldShenandoah, PA
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Article Text
A Texas Bank Succumbs. Paris, Tex., March 24.-The Farmers' and Merchants' bank closed its doors yesterday. It was one of the oldest financial institutions in the state, and had a paid up capital of $200,000. The failure of Martin, Wise & Fitzhugh caused a run on the bank, which forced it to the wall. John Martin was president of the bank until Monday, when he resigned. There was a run on the City National bank by frightened depositors, but all claims were paid.
10.March 30, 1897Hopkinsville KentuckianHopkinsville, KY
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Article Text
The Farmers' and Merchants' Bank of Paris, Tex., failed Tuesday and precipitated a panic and run on the City National Bank, which withstood it to the closing hour.
Bank runs are almost always and everywhere a deterioration of bank fundamentals.
But not for you.
You are the measure-zero exception: great fundamentals, solid bank, and yet the Diamond Dybvig fairy spread its rumor. Depositors woke up. Your collateral was not prepositioned. The Clearinghouse had it for you.
Do not pass Go. Do not collect $200. Go directly to jail… or worse.