gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
6cb71da9746f0a34
Response Measures
Accommodated withdrawals, Borrowed from banks or large institutions, Public signal of financial health, Full suspension, Books examined
Receivership Details
Depositor recovery rate
86.0%
Date receivership started
1903-08-14
Date receivership terminated
1906-06-09
OCC cause of failure
Fraud
Share of assets assessed as good
55.6%
Share of assets assessed as doubtful
22.4%
Share of assets assessed as worthless
22.0%
Description
Embezzlement by the cashier precipitated withdrawals and prompted Comptroller closure and receivership.
Events (5)
1.March 19, 1891Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2.August 14, 1903Receivership
Source
historical_nic
3.August 14, 1903Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
Examiner Mason has been appointed receiver.
Source
newspapers
4.August 14, 1903Run
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Withdrawals followed discovery/investigation of shortages and irregularities (cashier embezzlement) and reports of the examiner's investigation.
Measures
Cashier E. L. Cowart reportedly went to New York and returned with $100,000 to satisfy possible demands; directors solicited assistance from outside banks.
Newspaper Excerpt
the report spreading, a number of depositors withdrew their cash. Thinking that there might be a run on the bank...
Source
newspapers
5.August 14, 1903Suspension
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Closed by the Comptroller after discovery of shortages and irregularities due to cashier embezzlement rendering the bank insolvent.
Newspaper Excerpt
The Navesink National Bank of Red Bank, N. J., was closed tonight by the Acting Comptroller of the Currency.
Source
newspapers
Newspaper Articles (19)
1.August 15, 1903The Montgomery AdvertiserMontgomery, AL
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Article Text
Red Bank, N. J., Bank Closed. Washington, Aug. 14.-The Navesink National Bank of Red Bank, N. J., was closed tonight by the Acting Comptroller of the Currency. Shortage and Irregularities to such an extent were discovered as to render the bank insolvent. Examiner Mason has been appointed receiver.
2.August 15, 1903The Birmingham Age-HeraldBirmingham, AL
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New Jersey Bank Closed. Washington, August 14.-The Navesink National bank of Red Bank, N. J., was closed tonight by the acting comptroller of currency. Shortage and irregularities to such an extent were discovered as to render the bank insolvent. Examiner Mason has been appointed receiver.
3.August 15, 1903The SunNew York, NY
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RED BANK SURPRISED. Said There That the Bank Tried to Do Too Large a Business. RED BANK, N. J., Aug. 14.- The news that the Navesink National Bank was closed came like a thunderbolt, and depositors thronged about the entrance of the bank. It is thought here that a reorganization of the bank will be effected. About three weeks ago Capt. James S. Throckmorton resigned as president of the bank, but the announcement was not made until this week, when Capt. Charles B. Parsons was elected to succeed him. Capt. Throckmorton's reasons for resigning were ill health and his wish to rid himself of business cares. Yesterday the board of directors held another meeting and it was announced that Capt. Parsons had resigned the presidency. Edward E. Roberts. a large depositor. president of the Roberts Safety Water Tube Boiler Company. was elected president. It was reported that Mr. Mason was making an investigation of the bank's affairs, and, the report spreading. a number of depositors withdrew their cash. Thinking that there might be a run on the bank, Enoch L. Cowart, the cashier, went to New York. and it was said that he returned with $100,000 to satisfy the possible demands of the depositors. It is said that the bank has done a large business, considering the amount of its capital stock and deposits, and that most of the time it needed a sum of money larger than it had on hand to meet borrowers' demands. Bank Examiner Mason said to-night: "I might say that for months past the condition of the Navesink National Bank has been unsatisfactory to the Comptroller of the Currency. Its business has been too much extended and its cash reserve has been much below the required amount fixed by the statute. "Acting under instructions from the Comptroller of the Currency, I came to Red Bank in the capacity of special bank examiner on Monday of this week. "To make a long story short. the case was readily diagnosed. but the remedy was not so easily prescribed. For a while a plan of reorganization and rehabilitation lent much encouragement. The heroic efforts on the part of some of Red Bank's best citizens to save the institution were particularly gratifying. Later, other complications set in and caused a run that resulted in the withdrawal of moral and financial support to such an extent that the Government had to take possession." When asked whether the depositors would receive their money, the examiner said that he was not prepared to answer. The Navesink bank was organized twelve years ago. Early this year a savings department was added. The directors are James S. Throckmorton, Enoch L. Cowart. Dr. Edwin Field, Charles B. Parsons, Thomas Davis, Jr., and Daniel Frost.
4.August 16, 1903The St. Louis RepublicSaint Louis, MO
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fession and restitution by Receiver Mason, who told him that to do so would go a long way in mitigating his punishment. Cowart said he had diverted the bank's funds first to pay dividends on the bank's stock in order to keep up its price, and later he began taking money to keep up the extravagant style of living he Indulged in at Asbury Park, where he mingled with a fast set and lived at an extravagant pace, which his salary did not justify. No inkling of his double life was ever had by his business associates in Redbank. Desperate efforts were made to keep the Navesink National Bank open, and ? New York bank offered assistance, but the run of depositors was FO great that It Was forced to close its doors.
5.August 16, 1903The St. Louis RepublicSaint Louis, MO
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BANK CASHIER CONFESSES THAT HE STOLE $40,000. Diverted Funds at First to Pay Dividends on Stock and Afterwards to Keep Up Extravagant Living. I REPUBLIC SPECIAL New York, Aug. 15.-Cashier Enoch L Cowart of the suspended Navesink National Bank, at Redbank, N. J., has confessed to Bank Examiner W. A. Mason, who is acting as receiver, that he embezzled $40,000 of the bank's funds. Accompanied by his wife, he went from his home in Asbury Park. late this afternoon to surrender to the United States authorities what property he possesses. After he has signed over his property to Receiver Mason. he will be taken charge of by United States Commissioner Freehold and a United States Marshal, who have charge of the details of his arrest. Cowart was nrevailed upon to make con-
6.August 16, 1903The SunNew York, NY
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ARREST OF A JERSEY BANKER. CASHIER COWART OF RED BANK HELD FOR GRAND JURY Charged With Embezzling $40,000 From the Navesink National Bank-Was Bonded In $20,000-Gives $10,000 Ball-There May Be More Prosecutions RED BANK, N. J., Aug. 15.--The sensation caused last night by the closing of the Navesink bank was as nothing compared with the announcement this afternoon that Enoch I.. Cowart. the cashier. had been arrested for einbezzlement. The amount he is alleged to have embezzled is $40,000. There were ugly rumors yesterday concerning a defalcation. but the special examiner, W. A. Mason, in his statement to the newspapers last night did not incriminate any one. It is said that yesterday Mr. Cowart told the examiner that he would answer any immediate call that might be made for him. Mr. Cowart S residence is at Asbury Park. To-day Mr. Mason notified the cashier that he was wanted, and when he arrived in town he was arrested by United States Marshal Garside and taken before United States Commissioner Frank P. McDermott. Mr. Cowart waived a hearing and was required to furnish a $10,000 bond for his apparance before the United States Grand Jury. His bondsmen are Samuel C. Cowart of Freehold, his brother; T. A. Beringer, E. C. Van Cleaf and John F. Hawkins of Asbury Park. When asked what statement he had to make, Mr. Cowart refrerred to Edmund Wilson, his attorney. Mr. Wilson would give no information. Mr. Cowart left on an evening train for Asbury Park. The bank examiner made no statement to-night. and the facts relating to the alleged embezzlement are unobtainable. The amount said to have been taken corresponds with the discrepancy between the individual and general ledgers of the bank. Mr. Cowart has always been considered an upright and honorable man. He was one of the organizers of the Navesink National Bank, having previously been employed in the Second National Bank of Red Bank. He has been cashier of the Navesink National Bank ever since its organization. He is a prominent member of the Monmouth Boat Club and has always mingled in the best society of the community. He has a wife and three children, who are at Asbury Park. Yesterday after the rumors were circulated that the bank was in straits there was a run on the institution and about $30,000 was withdrawn. To-day the First and Second National banks took the checks of the defunct bank to the makers of the checks for redemption. Some business houses which deposited in the bank were handicapped to-day on account of their money being tied up. It is not known whether the depositors will be paid in full, but there is considerable hopefulness in town over the outlook. This morning a farmer drove many miles to Red Bank to secure a sum of money from the bank to pay off a small mortgage, and he was nearly heart-broken when he discovered the state of affairs. Cowart was bonded in the American Surety Company in the sum of $20,000. It was reported to-night that the receiver discovered in the cellar of the bank a number of loose sheets from the cashier's ledger which the cashier acknowledged having torn from the book The sheets contained lists of large deposits. The cashier exonerates the other officials of the bank. The embezziements, it is said, cover a period of about ten years. WASHINGTON. Aug. 15.-It is more than probable that one or more officers of the Navesink National Bank of Red Bank, N. J., will be prosecuted for criminal violation of law. The acting Comptroller has said that
7.August 16, 1903The Washington TimesWashington, DC
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CASHIER E.L. COWARTH ADMITS EMBEZZLEMENT Navesink National Bank Expected to Pay Depositors. NEW YORK, Aug. 15.-Eugene L. Cowarth, cashier of the suspended Navesink National Bank, of Red Bank, N. J., acting upon the advice of Federal Bank Examiner W. A: Mason, today surrendered himself to the United States marshal and admitted that he had embezzled $40,000 of the bank's funds. He was arraigned before United States Commissioner Freehold and held in $10,000 bail. Mr. Cowarth said he had first taken the money in order to pay dividends on the stock in order to keep up its price, and later took more money to conduct an extravagant establishment which he had at Asbury Park. It is probable that the depositors will be paid in full and the bank will be permitted to resume business.
8.August 17, 1903Evening JournalWilmington, DE
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ADMITS STEALING $40,000 Red Bank, N. J., Aug. 17.-Cashier Enoch L. Cowart, of the Navesink National Bank at Red Bank, which was closed by the comptroller of the Examiner W. A. Mason that he embezzled $40,000 of the bank's funds. Accompanied by his wife, he went from his home in Asbury Park to surrender to the United States authorities and turn over what property he possesses. After in had signed over his property to Receiver W. A. Mason he was taken in charge by United States Commissioner McDermott, of Freehold, and held in $10,000 bail. Cowart was prevailed upon to make a confession and restitution by Examiner Mason, who told him that to do so would go a long way in mitigating his punishment. Cowart said he had diverted the bank's fund first to pay dividends on the bank's stock, in order to keep up its price, and later he began taking money to keep up the extravagant style of living he indulged in at h Ashury Park.
9.August 20, 1903Iron County RegisterIronton, MO
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BANK CASHIER CONFESSES. Diverted Funds at First to Pay Divi. dends on Stock and Then to Keep Up Extravagant Living. New York, Aug. 17.-Cashier Enoch L. Cowart of the suspended Navesink national bank, at Redbank, N. J., has confessed to Bank Examiner W. A. Ma. son, who is acting as receiver, that he embezzled $40,000 of the bank's funds. Cowart was prevailed upon to make confession and restitution by Receiver Mason, who told him to do so would go a long way in mitigating S punishment. Cowart said he had diverted the funds first to pay dividends on the bank's stock in order to keep up its price, and later he began taking money to keep up the extravagant style of living he indulged in at Asbury Park, where he mingled with a fast set and lived at an extravagant pace, which his salary did not justify. No inkling of his double life was ever had by his business associates in Redbank. Desperate efforts were made to keep the Navesink national bank open, and a New York bank offered assistance but the run of depositors was so great that it was forced to close its doors.
10.August 20, 1903Oxford EagleOxford, MS
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BANK CASHIER CONFESSES. Diverted Funds at First to Pay Dividends on Stock and Then to Keep Up Extravagant Living. New York, Aug. 17.-Cashier Enoch L. Cowart of the suspended Navesink national bank, at Redbank, N. J., has confessed to Bank Examiner W. A. Mason, who is acting as receiver, that he embezzled $40,000 of the bank's funds. Cowart was prevailed upon to make confession and restitution by Receiver Mason, who told him to do so would go a long way in mitigating ...S punishment. Cowart said he had diverted the funds first to pay dividends on the bank's stock in order to keep up its price, and later he began taking money to keep up the extravagant style of living he indulged in at Asbury Park, where he mingled with a fast set and lived at an extravagant pace, which his salary did not justify. No inkling of his double life was ever had by his business associates in Redbank. Desperate efforts were made to keep the Navesink national bank open, and a New York bank offered assistance, but the run of depositors was so great that it was forced to close its doors.
11.August 21, 1903The Montgomery TribuneMontgomery City, MO
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BANK CASHIER CONFESSES. Diverted Fands at First to Pay Dividends on Stock and Then to Keep UP Estravagant Living. New York, Aug. 17.-Cashier Enoch in Cowart of the suspended Navesink national bank. at Redbank, N. J., has confessed to Bank Examiner W. A Mason. who is acting as receiver, that he embezzled $10,000 of the bank's funds. Cowart was prevailed upon to make confession and restitution by Receiver Mason, who told him to do so would go a long way in mitigating ..8 punishment. Cowart said he had diverted the funds first to pay dividends on the bank's stock in order to keep up its price. and later he began taking money to keep up the extravagant style of living he indulged in at Asbury Park, where he mingled with a fast set and lived at an extravagant pace. which his salary did not justify. No inkling of his double life was ever had by his business assectates in Redbank. Desperate efforts were made to keep the Navesink national bank open. and a New York bank offered assistance, but the run of depositors was 80 great that it was forced to close its doors.
12.August 22, 1903Macon BeaconMacon, MS
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BANK CASHIER CONFESSES. Diverted Funds at First to Pay Dividends on Stock and Then to Keep Up Extravagant Living, New York, Aug. 17.-Cashier Enoch L. Cowart of the suspended Navesink national bank, at Redbank, N. J., has confessed to Bank Examiner W. A. Mason, who is acting as receiver, that he embezzled $40,000 of the bank's funds. Cowart was prevailed upon to make confession and restitution by Receiver Mason, who told him to do SO would go a long way in mitigating punishment. Cowart said he had diverted the funds first to pay dividends on the bank's stock in order to keep up its price, and later he began taking money to keep up the extravagant style of living he indulged in at Asbury Park, where he mingled with a fast set and lived at an extravagant pace, which his salary did not justify. No linkling of his double life was ever had by his business associates in Redbank. Desperate efforts were made to keep the Navesink national bank open, and a New York bank offered assistance, but the run of depositors was SO great that it was forced to close its doors.
13.August 27, 1903The Brandon NewsBrandon, MS
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Receiver for Boston Bank. Boston.-John W.Shofield has been appointed receiver of the Navesink National Bank of Red Bank, N.J., to relieve Bank Examiner W.A. Mason, who was appointed receiver temporarily when the bank was closed. Mr. Schofield will take charge as soon as the assets can be listed and transferred to him.
14.August 28, 1903The Jasper Weekly CourierJasper, IN
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BANK CASHIER CONFESSES. Diverted Funds at First to Pay Divi. dends on Stock and Then to Keep Up Extravagant Living. ----New York, Aug. 17-Cashier Enoch L. Cowart of the suspended Navesink national bank. at Redbank. N. J., has confessed to Bank Examiner W. A. Mason. who is acting as receiver, that he embezzled $40,000 of the bank's funds Cowart was prevailed upon to make confession and restitution by Receiver Mason, who told him to do so would go a long way in mitigating punishment. Cowart said he had diverted the "unds first to pay dividends on the bank's stock in order to keep up its price. and later he began taking money to keep up the extravagant style of living he indulged in at Asbury Park, where he mingled with a last set and lived at an extravagant pace, which his salary did not justify. No inkling of his double life was ever had by his business associates in Redbank. Desperate efforts were made to keep the Navesink national bank open, and a New York bank offered assistance but the run of depositors was so great that it was forced to close its doors.
15.October 6, 1903The St. Louis RepublicSaint Louis, MO
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TRENTON, N. J.-Enoch L, Cowart. cashier of the Navesink National Bank of Red Bank, N. J., which is now in the hands of a receiver, pleaded guilty to two charges, one of them embezzling $20,000 and the other the aiding of the making of false reports to the Treasury.
16.October 6, 1903Evening JournalWilmington, DE
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Pleads Guilty to Embezzlement. Trenton, N. J., Oct. 6.-Enoch L. Cowart, cashier of the Navesink National Bank of Red Bank, N. J., which is now in the hands of a receiver, pleaded guilty to two charges, one of them embezzling $20,000 and the other in aiding the making of false reports to the treasury. Cowart's bond of $10,000 was continued for his appearance for sentence next Monday.
17.October 8, 1903The Middleburgh PostMiddleburg, PA
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Pleads Guilty to Embezzlement. Trenton, N. J., Oct. 6.-Enoch L. Cowart, cashier of the Navesink National Bank of Red Bank, N.J., which is now in the hands of a receiver, pleaded guilty to two charges, one of them embezzling $20,000 and the other in aiding the making of false reports to the treasury. Cowart's bond of $10,000 was continued for his appearance for sentence next Monday.
Cowart Pleads Guilty. Trenton, N. J., Oct. 8.-E. L. Cowart, cashier of the Navesink National bank at Redbank, N. J., which is now in the hands of a receiver, pleaded guilty to two charges, one of them embezzling $20,000, and the other in aiding of the making of false reports to the treasury. His bond of $10,000 was continued for his appearance for sentence next Monday.
19.October 10, 1903Richmond PlanetRichmond, VA
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Pleads Guilty to Embezzlement. Trenton, N. J., Oct. 6.-Enoch L. Cowart, cashier of the Navesink National Bank of Red Bank, N. J., which is now in the hands of a receiver, pleaded guilty to two charges, one of them embezzling $20,000 and the other in aiding the making of false reports to the treasury. Cowart's bond of $10,000 was continued for his appearance for sentence next Monday.
Bank runs are almost always and everywhere a deterioration of bank fundamentals.
But not for you.
You are the measure-zero exception: great fundamentals, solid bank, and yet the Diamond Dybvig fairy spread its rumor. Depositors woke up. Your collateral was not prepositioned. The Clearinghouse had it for you.
Do not pass Go. Do not collect $200. Go directly to jail… or worse.