gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
adcd8116d80277a4
Response Measures
Accommodated withdrawals, Borrowed from banks or large institutions, Fed/other loan, Public signal of financial health
Description
Anonymous Hiram notes and the failure/closure of three other Miami banks precipitated the run; First National did not suspend.
Events (2)
1.August 8, 1902Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2.February 6, 1928Run
Cause
Local Banks
Cause Details
Run began after three other Miami banks failed to open and anonymous warning notes circulated, prompting depositors to withdraw from First National.
Measures
Millions of dollars in cash were flown and sent by train from the Federal Reserve Bank at Jacksonville to the First National to meet withdrawals.
Newspaper Excerpt
A determined run on the First National bank began during the noon hour today following the failure of three other Miami financial institutions to open for business.
Source
newspapers
Newspaper Articles (17)
1.February 6, 1928The Albert Lea TribuneAlbert Lea, MN
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Cash Air Ship by and Train to Stop Miami Bank Run
Miami, lion dollars in cash will be the First National bank by the federal reserve bank in Jacksonville airplane and train to pay all jositors wish withdraw their fund, officials of the local institution announced this following orderly on the bank out of the closing of three rowing other local financial institutions morning.
2.February 6, 1928The News-StarMonroe, LA
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STAGE RUN ON BANK DURING NOON HOUR MIAMI, Feb. determined run on the National bank began during the noon hour following the failure of three other Miami financial institutions to open for business today. The bank's large lobby accommodated all sought to gain admittance up to Other large banks reported normal business Officers the First National Bank mingled with the crowd in the lobby and could not reached immediately
3.February 6, 1928Lebanon Semi-Weekly NewsLebanon, PA
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RUN ON FIRST NATIONAL BANK IN
Miami, Today.mined run on the First began during the noon following the failure of Miami financial institutions for business tod: The hanks large lobby accomm dated all who sought to mittance up to 12:80 Other large banks business Officers of the First mingled with the crowde lobby and could not mediately for n statement. regular closing time
4.February 6, 1928The Central New Jersey Home NewsNew Brunswick, NJ
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Run on Miami Bank on Three Failing to Open
(By The Associated Press) Fla., mined run the First National began during the noon today three Miami financial tutions business The lobby accom modated who to admittance three Miami banks that open the Southern and the Bank and the Bank of izens The Southern Bank and Trust Company requested Amos assume charge of its fairs pending finances, following heavy deposits caused by of anonymous letters pre failure.
5.February 6, 1928Casper Star-TribuneCasper, WY
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Three Failures Start Run On
MIAMI, Fla., Feb. 6-(P)-A derun the First National bank the noon hour today the failure of three other Miami financial institutions to open for today. The bank's large lobby accommodated all who sought to gain admittance up to
6.February 6, 1928Corvallis Gazette-TimesCorvallis, OR
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Three Miami, Florida Institutions Fail; First National Has Run On
Fla., Feb. determined run on the First National bank began during the noon hour today, following the failthree other Miami financial institutions.
Three Miami Banks Fail To Open
-Three Miniul banks failed to open for business today. They wore the Southern Bank and Trust Company, the Citizens' Bank and the Bank of determined THE OIL the First Nahour today following the fallure of tions to open for business Inday. The 12:30. Other large banks reported normal bustonss conditions. Officers of the First National Bank mingled with the crown In the lobby Heren million dollars In cash will be sent to Flost Nuttonal Bank by Jacksonville by airplane and train to pay nil who wish to Ing all orderly run on the bank.
8.February 6, 1928The GazetteCedar Rapids, IA
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Three Miami Banks Close, Heavy Run Begins On Fourth
Fla., Feb. run on the First National bank began during the noon hour today following the failure three other Miami financial institutions to open for business today. bank's large lobby dated all who sought to gain adLarge banks reported normal Officers First National with crowd the lobby could not The bank's regular closing time was p.m.
9.February 6, 1928Quad-City TimesDavenport, IA
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PLANE CARRIES CASH TO CHECK MIAMI BANK RUN
Seven million dollars in cash will sent to the First National bank by the Federal Reserve bank
10.February 6, 1928Norfolk Daily NewsNorfolk, NE
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ACTION CLOSING THREE OTHER MIAMI
Miami, million dollars cash the First National bank Federal Reserve bank branch Jacksonville by airplane and all depositors who withdraw their funds, officials local institution announced afternoon following orderly bank growing out closing of three other local cial institutions morning. The three banks that open for business today Southern Bank and Trust pany, the Citizens bank, and Bank of The Bank and Trust company requested Comptroller Amos assume charge of its fairs pending nances, following heavy withdraw. deposits caused circulation of anonymous leters predicting failure. President Lummus bank said that "large demands during the last days been caused letters writen to depositors and them to "quietly your money the The letters, said, were sign "Hiram" bore crudely drawn Masonic Police are seeking to trace sender. President Lummus said that deposits in funds were fully protected.
11.February 6, 1928Kingsport TimesKingsport, TN
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To Send Cash MIAMI, Fla., Feb. in cash will be million dollars First National Bank to the Reserve Bank the Federal by Jacksonville by airbranch in to all deand train pay plane who wish to withdraw positors officials of the local their funds, institution announced this afternoon following an orderly run out of the the bank growing on other local finanof three closing cial institutions this morning.
12.February 7, 1928The Morning CallAllentown, PA
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LETTERS RUN ON BANK
Miami, Fla., Institution, Forced to Suspend Others Affected
Miami, Feb. letters predicting the failure bank caused that suspend business today, sulted indirectly the temporary closing of two others, brought about fourth which called from federal in Jacksonville bolster its The but started noon the First National bank that Ernest Amos, comperoller, had taken affairs the Bank and and the Bank of Allapattah temporarily closed. Explaining he had taken control Bank and Trust instance ficials caused the of the letters, Amos said he ordered the other banks closed through fear they might able to He made for cool declaring the banks would have been able to remain open under normal conditions.
13.February 7, 1928The Brooklyn Daily TimesBrooklyn, NY
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SENT HIGH SCHOOL PROBE TO FLORIDA BANK PLANNED
First National of Miami Takes Precautions After Three Institutions Close.
Fla cash was being brought Miami today of of the of after banks closed their alight on the after the other banks had closed follow million hundred thousand dollars brought airplane Re ad ditional being that closed yes the Southern Company The au for the responsible the When Bank Trust failed to open its doors the Citi Bank of Miami and the Bank of At president of the Bank and Trust closed after the he the insti hands of Ernest probably be Shortly assuming control the condition to reopen for business March banks business under normal could not run curred AS of the tense South Bank and Trust pany was at and last night had posits of Citizens' Bank of Miami also capitalized at 480 the Bank of Allapattah had stock of of
Grand Jurors' Ass'n Names Committee Some Institutions Being on Double Time.
Grand members are of the Grand of that county has ap pointed to undertake an subject high school modations Queena The has called affects only the but the elementary pupila Not the borough high double but all the children of one the apportioned various schools to make for the classes It probable the of the Grand has the of Philip No. and of the Allied Associations of la member Grand Mr. Mc in the Ridgewood ergreen. Metropolitan for high school In Ridgewood recent Mr 900 children be loss said also that that Maspeth in on and those at the by Mr All 66 in Richmond has been for high school and the elementary class youngsters quotas schools of the the top floor of S. HID is exclusively for high chool purposes
14.February 8, 1928The Brooklyn CitizenBrooklyn, NY
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RESERVES OF MIAMI BANKS EASE TENSION
Three Banks Forced to Close by Sudden Run Will Reopen
MIAMI, Fla., Feb. 8 (United Prese). police sought the mysterious note writer, who warned against depositing money in several Miami banks and thereby caused runs that forced three to close, other banks to-day reported the tense financial situation had eased. There were some withdrawals from the Bank of Biscayne but officials said that these were by "penny savers with small accounts and that their reserve was in excellent shape. Officials of the First National Bank who had more than six million dollars brought in from the Federal Reserve Bank at Jacksonville-sa their ac counts were in excellent shape They said the crowd in the lobby yesterday was no greater than at any other day of a mid-season rush and there probably would be no need of the additional cash brought in. The Southern Bank and Trust Com pany had closed Monday after notes signed "Hiram" had been passed around. warning of the bank's condition. Runs forced the Citizens' Bank of Miami and the Bank of Allapattah to close. All three institutions were taken over by the State Benking Department. and the Southern Bank probably will be 10. opened about March 15. State exam iners said the Citizens' Bank and the Bank of Allapattah were in good shape. but in no condition to stand a run.
15.February 8, 1928The Brooklyn Daily TimesBrooklyn, NY
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BANKS IN FLORIDA WEATHER CRISIS
Police Seek Man Wrote Notes Closed Three Institutions. police sought mysterious writer. warned against money several Miami banks and thereby caused that forced them close, other banks today ported the tense financial situation There some from Bank Biscayne. but ficials that these were "penny with small and that their reserve shape Officials the First National brought in the Federal Reserve Bank at their accounts in excellent The Bank and Trust Company had closed Monday after notes signed "Hiram," had been passed warning of the bank's Runs forced Citizens Miami and Bank Allapattah close
16.February 8, 1928The Brooklyn Daily TimesBrooklyn, NY
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BANKS IN FLORIDA WEATHER CRISIS
Police Seek Man Wrote Notes Closed Three Institutions. Miami, Feb. police sought mysterious note writer, warned against depositing money in Miami banks and thereby caused runs that forced them close, other banks today ported the tense financial situation eased. There withdrawals Bank Biscayne, but ficials that these were their reserve was in excelOfficials the First National more brought from Federal Reserve their accounts in excellent The Southern Bank and Trust closed Monday after notes signed passed around. warning bank's condition. Runs forced Citizens Bank Bank to close.
17.February 8, 1928Sapulpa HeraldSapulpa, OK
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RUNS ON BANK MADE
MIAMI. Fla., Feb. 8.-(LP)-Runs on the Miami banks followed the closing of three on Monday, appeared definitely over today. At 10 a. m., not a single account withdrawal was reported by the First National Bank of Miami or the Bank of Bay iscayne. two institutions that rushed $6,000,000 in gold from Jack sonville yesterday to meet possible demands.
Bank runs are almost always and everywhere a deterioration of bank fundamentals.
But not for you.
You are the measure-zero exception: great fundamentals, solid bank, and yet the Diamond Dybvig fairy spread its rumor. Depositors woke up. Your collateral was not prepositioned. The Clearinghouse had it for you.
Do not pass Go. Do not collect $200. Go directly to jail… or worse.