gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
a01a98d2ff36f492
Response Measures
Accommodated withdrawals, Public signal of financial health, Full suspension, Books examined
Receivership Details
Depositor recovery rate
59.2%
Date receivership started
1908-03-24
Date receivership terminated
1916-04-21
OCC cause of failure
Fraud
Share of assets assessed as good
61.6%
Share of assets assessed as doubtful
26.5%
Share of assets assessed as worthless
11.9%
Events (5)
1.March 22, 1904Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2.September 16, 1907Run
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
A joking remark in Lowell that the First National was not sound prompted several depositors to withdraw funds, spreading uneasiness.
Random Run
Yes
Random Run Snippet
joking remark in Lowell that First National was not sound; false alarm
Measures
Bank paid out coin and met all depositors at the pay window; officers denied insolvency.
Newspaper Excerpt
the uneasiness of depositors is said to have been caused by a joking remark in Lowell to the effect that the First National bank was not sound.
Source
newspapers
3.March 21, 1908Suspension
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Heavy loans on inadequate security and heavy borrowing by the president led examiner to order suspension.
Newspaper Excerpt
The First Na. tional Bank of Bisbee failed to open its doors for business this morning... the bank is in charge of the Comptroller of the Currency.
Source
newspapers
4.March 24, 1908Receivership
Source
historical_nic
5.March 24, 1908Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
The First National bank of Bisbee, Arlz., ... has suspended, following an order by National Bank Examiner Marshall. Heavy loans on inadequate security are given as the cause, the president ... being reported a heavy borrower. (affairs now being in the hands of a receiver.)
Incipient Run on Bisbee Bank. According to reports reaching Douglas there was a small run on the First National bank of Bisbee yesterday evening and again this morning, says the Douglas International. The uneasiness of depositors is said to have been caused by a joking remark in Lowell to the 1 ffeet that the First National was nott sound. It is
2.September 17, 1907Daily Arizona Silver BeltGlobe, Miami, AZ
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JOKER CAUSES RUN ON A BISBEE BANK Cashier of First National Saw Many Faces at the Window Shortly After Bank Opened for Business Saturday -All Claims Promptly Met. According to reports reaching Douglas, there was a small run on the First National Bank of Bisbee Saturday morning, says the International American. The uneasiness of depositors is said to have been caused by a joking remark in Lowell to the effect that the First National bank was not sound. It is said that several parties from Lowell first drew their deposits from the bank and from this some uneasiness spread among other depositors. The bank met all depositors with the coin as fast as they appeared at the pay window and from statements made by those in a position to know the condition of the bank, there seems to be no cause for uneasiness about its ability to meet all demands.
3.September 19, 1907The Copper EraClifton, AZ
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According to reports reaching Douglas there was a small run on the First National Bank of Bisbee last week. The uneasiness of depositors is said to have been caused by a joking remark in Lowell to the effect that the First National Bank was not sound. It is said that several parties from Lowell first drew their deposits from the bank and from this some uneasiness spread among other depositors. The bank met all depositors with the coin as fast as they appeared at the pay window and from statements made by those in a position to know the condition of the bank there seems to be no cause for uneasiness about its ability to meet all demands. President Eddleman, of the the bank, was called on the 'phone and he positively denied that there had been a run on his bank and that he knew of no reason for such a report.-American.
The First National bank of Bisbee, Arlz., capitalized at $50,000 and carrying deposits of some $125,000. has suspended, following an order by National Bank Examiner Marshall Heavy loans on inadequate security are given as the cause, the president of the bank, W. J. Eddleman, being reported a heavy borrower.
5.March 29, 1908Tombstone EpitaphTombstone, AZ
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First National of Bisbee Suspends [Special to THE PROSECTOR] BISBEE, March 21-The First Na. tional Bank of Bisbee failed to open its doors for business this morning. The cause is not known and the efficials have thus far not given out any statement further than that the bank 18 in charge of the Comptroller of the Currency. The last statement issued of the bank's deposits shows $220,000. It is thought the bank will be able to liquidate in full, but considerable ex. citement has been occasioned by the suspension.
6.June 26, 1908Bisbee Daily ReviewBisbee, AZ
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The statements of the territorial and national banks of Arizona at the close of business May 14, 1908, show that Cochise county is by far the richest county in the territory, and that Bisbee is the second city in the territory in bank deposits. Phoenix, with four banks, has deposits of $2,748,923.39; Tucson, with four banks, has $1,750,341.53, and Bisbee, with two banks (exclusive of suspended First National, with approximately $125,000 in deposits), has $2,109.182.25.
7.June 26, 1908Arizona RepublicanPhoenix, AZ
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OF LOCAL INTEREST of TO COAST.-J. B. Tempe Cook. left GONE creamery of busines last the night Pacific for Los Angeles on a strip. SANTA MONICA.-Mrs. last night Dave over spend the Goldberg TO the Southern and family Pacific summer. left for Santa Monica GONE to TO CHICAGO.-G. night Truehaft over the and Pacific for daughter left last Chicago, where Southern the summer. they A SUIT will spend ON ACCOUNT.-Sult court yesterday was begun in the Gold district against D. W. Steele of a by Marton $260, the amount year threshing to recover bill incurred about a ago. TO MISSOURI.-George. for MisBACK will leave Saturday a couple Woodson where he will visit for in the souri He will return someof months. staked down here land fall time having ago for good with some holdings. THE SLAUGHTER-Dr. of AFTER and E. J. Bennett, members party who Barlow Los Angeles hunting the Peterson the camped near in white had been Tempe and engaged home, place at left last night for netwing a killing most successful slaughter, after thousands of birds. LEAVES and ting FOR SOUTH CAROLINA. little son -Mrs. S. L. Easterling will leave Saturday for and daughter South Carolint, will to spend join Bennettsville, Mr. Easterling his the them summer. about September, that being native DOWN heath FROM in Dixie. KINGMAN.-Henry in the city yesterday purchased Irovin of on Kingman, a business. carload was of While watermelons He here reports he shipments to that city. country as for interests in that work and mining the usual amount of doing the cattle industry generally prosperous. FOR ROOSEVELT Yesterday travel by OFF salubrious day for enjoy being a who know how to fully L. C. those Arizona rides, Engineer Hill and typical accompanied by Mrs. out for Hill, daughter, Margaret, set occurs, their If nothing unusual Sunday. Roosevelt. to be back again State they NEW expect MACCABEE LODGE. just reE. L. Bumpus has WickCommander from two weeks' work at tent turned where he has instituted a No. 8. enburg, order. Wickenburg Tent and the of this T. M., was instituted, the enK. O. are the officers for J. C. following term: Past commander. Weidmeyre; suing commander, C. H. K. D. Reed; A. W. Pentland; R Baxter; Lt. Com., chaplain, R. W. Collins; T. G. Widmeyre; physician. Pete sergeant, Duke Keith: master-at-arms, Charles HyMichelson; first of M. of G., G., E. O. Beaver: der, second C. C. M. Short; picket, L. Crabb 8th sentinel, JULY WEDDING.- July OklahoA C. Goff of Marble City, Edith Lloyd be married to Miss ma, will daughter of H. H. Phoenix, Creigh- a Creighton, who lives northeast of met ton, distance. The young people Misshort fellow students at Park college, into at their acquaintance ripening friendship that is marin a most a souri, closer culminate happy expected wellwill The prospective groom is a young riage. and highly respected brideknown of his home town. The life man has spent the most of her she to-be this valley, except the years talin been away at school, and is a ented has and highly esteemed young woman. WILL CASH THE BONDS.-When colFirst National Bank of Bisbee panic the under the pressure of the had a lapsed months ago, the territory in a few sum of money on deposit treasgoodly institution. The territorial in the that however, was not worried in urer, for he had stowed away of slightest vault as security $25,000 worth and the States consols, due in 1930, that United 2 per cent. Ever since the bearing he has been holding them in could time that the Bisbee institution the hope itself together, pay back It has pull and take the bonds. money to do so, however, and yester- bonds failed the treasurer forwarded the inday New York banking house with 1st. structions to a to sell them on July the proceeds over and above Any the bank owes the territory its amount will be turned over to the bank or assigns. WANTS PAY FOR TIME.-Abran the youth who was arrested Lopez, Wednesday for the burglary of the the of Francisca Franco, of fifteen cents on theft mansion therefrom, Johnstone and had before Justice a and was held to the He denied the yesterday hearing theft the of grand silk jury. but he says he found a a while money, handkerchief rummaging hand- in for cash. He sold the a trunk to an Indian. Lopez had of his own. grievance kerchief He wants was pay infor a half day's work which Davis terrupted by Deputy Sheriff ten when he made the arrest about engaged in loading 2 nor of o'clock in the morning. Lopez malone was In
8.July 4, 1908The Williams NewsWilliams, AZ
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Richest County in the Territory The statements of the territorial nd national banks of Arizona at he close of business May 14, 1908, how that Cochise county is by far he richest county in the territory and that Bisbee is the second city in the territory in bank deposits Phoenix with four banks has leposits of $2,748.923.39; Tucson. with four banks has $1,750,341.53, and Bisbee, with two banks, (exclusive of suspended First National, with approximately $125,000 in deposits) has $2,109,182.25.
9.December 10, 1908The Copper EraClifton, AZ
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NEWS OF THE TERRITORY. Tempe has adopted the curfew bell and all children undersixteen mustgo home when the pesky thing sounds. The production of copper in the Warren district for the month of November amounted to 14,000,000 pounds of Globe ern of Miners, The Federation members union, voted West De cember 8, for state officers in Arizona The First National Bank of Bisbee which closed its doors during the panic, has declared a 20 per cent. dividend. The indictment against Frank Norris, of Prescott, has been quashed and the district attorney will appeal to the supreme court. R.C. and E. S. Miller, capitalists of Liverpool, Qhio, are investigating conditions in Tucson with a view to putting $100,000 in a big department store. Kolar, a pioneer business one of the most man John and S. influential men in Kingman, died in Los Angeles list week, where he went to be operated on for cancer. The Hotel Willard of Tucson, which has always been conducted as a ho on the American plan, that in has telry announced strictly the future will be conducted in such a manner can take meals that the guests they their desire. at the hotel or not, as H. Cameron, has gone to delegate-elect, Hon. Ralph Washing- Arizona's ton for a stay at the national capital of months. is for the purpose of seyeral attending The the visit sessions of congress as a' spectator, and learning the ropes. strike has been made on Ibex-Plomosa A the rich gold property near to Wendon. The mine was supposed a property, be copper but richest the gold new discovery makes it the mine discovered in to reports from according yet Yuma the county, hills. J. C. Wardwell, the leper widow of Gen. Wardwell, case Mrs. whose in Arizona, recently created such stir last week of her in Los county died hospital Angeles. leprosy in Since the the from Arizona, and of her husband, Mrs. death her return and Wardwell death had grown steadily worse had been expected for some time. Governor Kibbey last week pardoned a convict named A. Valencia on account of his bad health, as it was certain he could-not live long and he to be with his die the prison walls. wanted within people Valencia and arrival not died one hour previous to the of the papers at Yuma. At the request of Engineer Louis C. the city council has permission to govHill, granted of the Phoenix to put up poles string within the city ernment wires limits, and held in ac- by cordance with the franchises the wires to to distribute power Uncle Sam, generated be u-ed at the Roosevelt dam. The new steel bridge across the Rillito, on the Aracle-Mammoth road, has been accepted by the board of supervisors of Pima county. It is a structure flood to occur substantial withstand any likely designed con- to in the Rillito. The superstructure sists of five steel spans each sixty feet in length. The cost of the bridge was about $11,000. Lewis Goldberg, a wandering Jew, at Douglas last week with stealing was charged arrested about dealer $700 worth of clothing from a in A very small were at Cananea. the goods located portion Naco. of is some question as to can be Goldberg There prosecuted. whether him Au effort will be made to have extradicted. Viola Sharp, the little two-year-old daughter of Albert Sharp, who resides on the Halm ranch, eight miles of Five Points, Maricopa was drowned of the child was body north county, last found week. by men The along the in current some employed the swift canal, distance floating from by the house, where it had caught the to the roots a to the indictment deOwing clothing of being tree. by the court, of vs. C. A. clared the faulty Territory of Overlock, criminal the case indicted on a charge ordered libel, was Overlock resubmitted alleged to the next grand jury. is committed the the to procured have publication libel when of he an article to the Cochise County Press on the reflecting reputation Ross, of As- in sistant District Attorney connection with a mining stock deal at Douglas.
10.May 13, 1909Deseret Evening NewsSalt Lake City, UT
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BANKER EDDLEMAN INDICTED FIFTEEN TIMES Tombstone, Ariz., May 13.-The United States grand jury in session here returned 15 indictments against J. Eddleman, president of the defunct First National bank of Bisbee, also a number of true bills against Cashier Nolan of the same bank. The indictments charge falsifying of the records and gross irregularities, which caused the suspension of the bank last year, its affairs now being in the hands of a receiver.
11.May 13, 1909Evening Times-RepublicanMarshalltown, IA
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TWO BANKERS INDICTED. Arizona Men Who Broke Tombstone Institution Held to Grand Jury. Tombstone, Ariz., May 13.-The federal grand jury returned fifteen indictments against J. E. Eddleman, president, and a lesser number against Nolan, cashier, of the defunct First National Bank of Bisbee, charging falsifying of records and gross irregularities, causing suspension of the bank last year.
12.May 14, 1909The Montgomery AdvertiserMontgomery, AL
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Bankers Are Indicted. Tombstone, Ariz., May 13-The Unit. ed States grand jury, in session here. returned fifteen indictments against J. E. Eddleman. president of the defunct First National Bank of Bisbee; also a number of true bills against Cashier Nolan of the same bank. The indict. ments charge falsifying of the records and gross Irregularities, which caused the suspension of the bank last year.
13.May 14, 1909Atlanta Semi-Weekly JournalAtlanta, GA
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MANY INDICTMENTS AGAINST BIG BANKER (By Asnociated Press.) TOMBSTONE, Arizona, May 13.-The United States grand jury in session here returned 15 indictments against J. E. Eddleman, president of the defunct First First National bank of Bisbee, also a number of true bills against Cashier Nolan of the same bank. The indictments charge falsifying of the records and gross irregularities which caused the suspension of the bank last year. The affairs of the bank are now in the hands of a receiver.
BANKERS UNDER INDICTMENT. Federal Grand Jury Accuses Them of Various Peculations. Tombstone, Ariz., May 14. The United States grand jury in session here returned fifteen indictments against J. E. Eddleman, president of the defunct First National bank of Bisbee, also a number of true bills against Cashier Nolan of the same bank. The indictments are for falsifying the records and gross irregularities which caused a suspension of the bank last year. The affairs of the bank are now in the hands of a receiver.
15.October 10, 1909Bisbee Daily ReviewBisbee, AZ
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Receiver of the First National Bank of Bisbee, Arizona.
16.October 12, 1909Bisbee Daily ReviewBisbee, AZ
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Receiver of the First National Bank of Bisbee, Arizona.
17.October 19, 1909Bisbee Daily ReviewBisbee, AZ
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Receiver of the First National Bank of Bisbee, Arizona.
18.October 22, 1909Bisbee Daily ReviewBisbee, AZ
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Receiver of the First National Bank of Bisbee, Arizona.
19.October 30, 1909Bisbee Daily ReviewBisbee, AZ
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Receiver of the First National Bank of Bisbee, Arizona.
20.October 31, 1909Bisbee Daily ReviewBisbee, AZ
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Receiver of the First National Bank of Bisbee, Arizona.
21.November 2, 1909Bisbee Daily ReviewBisbee, AZ
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Receiver of the First National Bank of Bisbee, Arizona.
22.November 5, 1909Bisbee Daily ReviewBisbee, AZ
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Receiver of the First National Bank of Bisbee, Arizona.
23.November 7, 1909Bisbee Daily ReviewBisbee, AZ
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Receiver of the First National Bank of Bisbee, Arizona.
24.November 29, 1914Bisbee Daily ReviewBisbee, AZ
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LOOTER OF BANK IN THE LAW'S TOILS R. E. Wilkins, Formerly Assistant Cashier of Defunct Bisbee First National, Arrested Here by Jas. McDonald. SEVEN YEAR OLD CASE BROUGHT TO LIGHT Wilkins Alleged to Have Been Indicted by Federal Grand Jury and to Have Left Without Answering the Case. The precinct. the county, and the state may go to sleep. but Uncle Sam is always on the job. After seven of rest a case years which the attracted state of widespread attention in and in ren at that time, Arizona district. particularly the is again War to the attention of the yesbrought lie by reason arrest of here, the Unit- pubterday, by James F. McDonald. of ed States Marshal, R. E. Wilkins. of the formerly assistant cashier First National Bank of Bisbee. Through the wide-awakeneas primarily of the local deputy, the arrest was made. R. E. Wilkins has been the United since the ment wanted of by justice States bank depart- went under the hammer in April, 1908. No one here seemed to know of Wilkins' whereabouts since he surreptitiously disappeared with a federal indictment hanging over his head. in Bisbee yesterday He registered at morning. He arrived the Cop. per Queen Hotel and the scrawl of his signature foiled the eye of the experienced clerk who is used to hieroglyphies. Not so, however, the Deputy United States Marshal Wil kins registered from Dallas, Texas. McDonald, remembering the case. immediately wired to Joe Dillon. United States Marshal in Phoenix The Marshal in turn. took the matter up with Thomas J. Flynn. United States attorney for the state of Ario'clock af. zona. At four yesterday received ternoon Deputy McDonald information to arrest Wilkins and this was accomplished a short time Wilkins is now a special in later. guard. custody under of McDonald who awaits instructions from Phoenix as to his final disposition. History Of Case. Those who lived in Bisbee during the high-strung stock days of 1906 and 1907. immediately before the Bankers' panic of the last named year, will remember, some to their loss and sorrow, of the failure of the First National Bank The bank was officered by W. J. Eddleman. as president, J. H. Nolan. as cashier. and R. E. Wilkins, as assistant cashier. The offices of the bank were where the Bisbee Smoke House is now located. Bisbee was stock mad. Everthing from the best stock on the market to every wild cat scheme could be used as security in some of the banks in the state. Some of the bankers. themselves, indulged freely in bucking the market. The First National Bank. it afterward developed. and its officers were prime offenders. Denn stock was then occupying the limelight on the local exchange. Its course was followed upward and up. ward. Many hung their stars to its colors and some sold while it was high. Others hung on and bought more on a margin, thinking that it couldn't go any lower. When the panic hit the country in October 1907 however. the tale took on a different aspect and all stocks, regardless of (Continued on Page Three)
25.December 4, 1914The Copper Era and Morenci LeaderClifton, AZ
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LOOTER OF BANK IN THE LAW'S TOILS R. E. Wilkins, Formerly Assistant Cashier of Defunct Bisbee First National, Arrested by Jas. McDon. ald. SEVEN YEAR OLD CASE BROUGHT TO LIGHT Wilkins Alleged to Have Been Indicted by Federal Grand Jury and to Have Left Without Answering the Case. BISBEE, Ariz., Nov. 28.-The precinct, county and the state may go to sleep, but Uncle Sam is always on the job. After seven years of rest a case which attracted widespread attention in the state of Arizona and particularly in the Warren district, at that time, is again brought to the attention of the public by reason of the arrest here, yesterday, by James F. McDonald, United States Marshal, of R. E. Wilkins, formerly assistant cashier of the First National Bank of Bisbee. Through the wide-awakeness primarily of the local deputy, the arrest was made. R. E. Wilkins has been wanted by the United States department of justice since the bank went under the hammer in April, 1908 No one here seemed to know of Wilkins' whereabouts since he surreptitiously disappeared with a federal indictment hanging over his head. He arrived in Bisbee yesterday morning. He registered at the Copper Queen Hotel and the scrawl of his signature foiled the eye of the experienced clerk who is used to hieroglyphics. Not so, however, the Deputy United State Marshal. Wilkins registered from Dallas, Texas. McDonald, remembering the case, immediately wired to Joe Dillon, United States Marshal in Phoenix. The Marshal, in turn, took the matter up with Thomas J. Flynn, United States attorney for the State of Arizona. At four o'clock yesterday afternoon Deputy McDonald received information to arrest Wilkins and this was accomplished a short time later. Wilkins is now under a special guard, in custody of McDonald who awaits instructions from Phoenix as to his final disposition. History of Case. Those who lived in Bisbee during the high-strung stock days of 1906 and 1907, immediately before the Bankers' panic of the last named year, will remember, some to their loss and sorrow of the failure of the First National Bank The bank was officered by W. J. Eddleman, as president, J. H. Nolan, as cashier, and R. E. Wiikins, as assistant cashier. The offices of the bank were where the Bisbee Smoke House is now located Bisbee was stock mad Everything a from the best stock on the market to every wild cat scheme could be used as security in some of the banks in the state Some of the bankers n themselves, indulged freely in bucking the market. The First National Bank, it afterward developed, and its officers were prime offenders. Denn stock was then occupying the S limelight on the local exchange. Its n course was followed upward and upward Many hung their stars to its colors and some sold while it was high. Others hung on and brought b more on a margin, thinking that it couldn't go any lower. When the le panic hit the country in October, 1907 h however, the tale took on a differer t aspect and all stocks, regardless of is their intrinsic value, took a tumble. Denn, one of the best, followed suit. It was then that Hugh D. Marshall, t United States bank examiner for this section, dropped into town. Marshall n t is now cashier of the Phoenix National Bank at Phoenix, one of the S1 rongest banking institutions in the state. The examiner was alive and after being in the bank but a few c hours knew that it was insolvent d In fact it had been looted. n The institution was closed. Eddleman, Nolan and Wilkins were indicted in the United States federal court. The first two were indicted on sevA eral counts but were tried for the falsification of reports to the bank f comptroller of the United States 1 Joe Alexander, the United States attorney for the state of Arizona. conducted the prosecution. George Neal and Eugene S. Ives defended Eddleman and Nolan, while Judge O'Connel and Judge A. C. Baker of Phoenix, were looking after the interests of the bank and its creditors. Eddleman and Nolan did not desire to face a trial and pleaded guilty to the above indictment. They were sentenced to five years in the federal penitentiary each. Both served about half of their sentences in Florence and were paroled.
Bank runs are almost always and everywhere a deterioration of bank fundamentals.
But not for you.
You are the measure-zero exception: great fundamentals, solid bank, and yet the Diamond Dybvig fairy spread its rumor. Depositors woke up. Your collateral was not prepositioned. The Clearinghouse had it for you.
Do not pass Go. Do not collect $200. Go directly to jail… or worse.