Butchers & Drovers Bank (New York, NY)

Episode Information

Episode UID
7965621690694
Episode Type
Run β†’ Suspension β†’ Reopening
Bank Type
state
Bank ID
796562169 hash
Start Date
October 13, 1857
Location
New York, New York (40.714, -74.006)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
4ffe1415ec9019f2

Response Measures

None

Events (3)
1. October 13, 1857 Run
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
General financial panic of October 1857 with runs on multiple New York city banks (panic linked to railroad/market failures).
Measures
Asked for time / suspended specie payments shortly after heavy withdrawals.
Newspaper Excerpt
BUTCHERS' AND DROVERS' BANK...sustained a heavy run from depositors and billholders
Source
newspapers
2. October 13, 1857 Suspension
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
Suspension of specie payments amid the city-wide banking panic and heavy withdrawals on Oct 13, 1857.
Newspaper Excerpt
Butchers' and Drovers' Bank, which suspended Tuesday, with considerable specie on hand
Source
newspapers
3. October 14, 1857 Reopening
Newspaper Excerpt
the Butchers' and Drovers' Bank, which suspended Tuesday, ... opened again yesterday for business, on the non-specie paying basis, giving bills for some checks, certifying others.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (12)
1. October 14, 1857 Western Reserve Chronicle Warren, OH
Article from Western Reserve Chronicle, October 14, 1857

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Financial Matters. The money panic rather increases than diminishes, but we think it has about reached the worst. Most of the Pennsylvania banks have suspended specie payments. The Legislature of Pennsylvania is now holding an extra sossion to take into consideration measures for financial relief. The following is the latest money news from New York: New YORK, Oct. 13. The following banks have suspended to-day: Marine, Ocean, Merchant's Exchange, N. Y. Exchange, North River, Irving, Citizen's, Chatham, Bull's Head St. Nicholas and Market Banks. There is a general run on the Wall street banks and intense excitemeni in the street.Policemen are stationed at many banks to preserve order. NEW YORK, Oct. 13. To-day has been a very exciting one in financial affairs. Up to 2 o'clock 15 city banks had suspended, the following in addition to those given above: Bank of New York, Artizan's, Butcher's and Drovers and Tradesman. The Marine it is said was stopped by an injunction procured by one of its customers, and it is presumed other banks have been stop ped in the same way, as by this means the penalty of winding up which is at. tached to suspension, is evaded. It is believe that suspension in most cases is but temporary. This state of affairs when generally known will undoubtedly serve to allay the present undue excitement.. All the Ohio Banks are paying specie, and there has been little excitement in any part of the State. Ohio has the best currency in the Union.

2. October 14, 1857 Worcester Daily Spy Worcester, MA
Article from Worcester Daily Spy, October 14, 1857

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Monetary Matters in New York-Great Excitement. NEW YORK, Oct. 13.-Today has been a very exciting one in financial matters. Up to two o'clock, fifteen city banks had suspended, of which the following is a revised list, viz: Bank of New York, Artizans', St. Nicholas, Chatham, Ocean, Market, Butchers' and Drovers', Merchants' Exchange, Irving, Citizens', Tradesmen's, Bull's Head, New York Exchange, North River, and Marine. The latter, it is said, was stopped by injunction procured by one of its customers, and it is presumed other banks have been stopped in the same way. By this means the penalty of winding up, which is attached to suspension, is evaded. It is believed that suspension in most cases will be but temporary. This state of affairs, when generally known, will undoubtedly serve to allay the present undue excitement. Wall street, at two o'clock, was crowded with an anxious mass of people. The steps of all the banks were also blocked up by people forcing their way into the banks. At the American Exchange Bank, David Leavitt addressed the crowd, assuring them that that bank would pay all up to the last dollar. He also announced that an agreement had been made with several of the strongest banks, to go through without suspension. It is believed, however, in the streets, that the suspension will be general. It is understood that some of our heaviest Houses have withdrawn their gold from the banks and replaced it as a specie deposit. There were rumors during the morning, affecting nearly all the banks in the city, but the above list gives all that had certainly suspended up to 3 o'clock P. M. The others, it is believed, continued to meet their liabilities up to the clocs of businss hours. The sales of Railroad Stocks at the first board were small, at a general decline. In the State Stocks the business was large at a decline, ex cepting Virginia and Missouri. Bank Stocks all sold at a decline. The run on the Brooklyn Savings Bank was renewed today but with less vigor, the banks paying promptly. Several failures in the Dry Goods line are announced, but none of very prominent firms.

3. October 14, 1857 New-York Daily Tribune New York, NY
Article from New-York Daily Tribune, October 14, 1857

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ATLANTIC BANK. The Atlantic Bank paid all demands promptly, and had as much coin left at night as the Bank opened with. BROADWAY BANK. The Broadway Bank paid out $103,000. They have some $30,000 standing to their credit at the Clearing House. They expected to receive this as usual at 11 p. m., but, not receiving it, were obliged to suspend 15 or 20 minutes before 3 o'clock. An officer of the Bank then appeared and said: GENTLEMEN: It is of no use; we tried to stand it, but we can't. We have done all we could to-day. We'll try to do better to-morrow, after & sleep over night. You can't have a dinner to-day that is to be cooked to-morrow." The crowd took the speech in good part, and thinned off-many, however, disappointed. BULL'S HEAD BANK. Neither was this Bank able to stand the pressure, which, from 11 to 1 o'clock, was brought to bear upon it with great force. The depositors, in their eagerness to obtain entrance to the Bank, behaved toward each other in a manner which under other circumstances might be considered rude; but, by the aid of two or three policemen, comparative order was kept, and each man was allowed his turn. At last, however, the thing turned entirely, for, at about 1 o'clock, the word "suspension" was proclaimed, and then, after a wistful waiting, all retraced their steps, seeking consela. tion from the fact that there were many others "in the same boat." BUTCHERS' AND DROVERS' BANK. All the excitement was not in Wall street. Much of it existed at the corner of Grand street and Bowery, where is situated the Butchers' and Drovers' Bank, which sustained a heavy run from depositors and billholders for 80 long a time that at about 1 o'clock it was forced to ask time to take breath, or, in other words, suspend. CHATHAM BANK. Upon this bank the run did not appear 80 great as upon most other similar institutions out of Wall street. The amount of specie paid out, however, was very large; 80 large, that after a brief consultation among the managers, it was resolved to suspend specie payment, and accordingly a notice to this effect was immedistely posted up. Such of the depositors as succeeded in withdrawing their deposits retired greatly elated, while the tardy, who were kept too long from the counter, grumbled deeply, but not in a very loud voice. About 2 o'clock the crowd of depositors, bill-holders and idlers, who jammed the sidewalks in the vicinity of the bank, had disappeared, and externally every-

4. October 15, 1857 The Weekly Portage Sentinel Ravenna, OH
Article from The Weekly Portage Sentinel, October 15, 1857

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Financial Matters in New York. NEW YORK, Oc. 13.-The following banks of this city, suspended this morning: The Marine, Pacific, Irving, Merchants' Exchange, North River, New York Exchange, Citizens' and Ccean banks, in all, numbering eight banks. The Chatham, Bull's Head, Market and St. Nicholas Banks have also suspended. (SECOND DISPATCH. NEW YORK, Oct. 13.-The bank suspensions have attracted a dense crowd into Wall street this afternoon, while other business streets were comparatively desert. ed. In addition to those announced up to two o'clock, the Tradesmen's Bank, Artisan's Bank, Butchers and Drover's Bank, and the Bank of New York have since sus. pended. It is feared that a general suspension is now inevitable, though several of the old banks announce their ability and determination to continue specie payments. It is reported that the Marine Bank is stopped by an injunction obtained by one of its cus. tomers, and it is presumed that the same course has been pursued with regard to oth. er banks. By this means the penalty of winding up which attaches to the act of suspension is evaded, and it is generally thought that the suspension will, in most ca. ses, be only temporary. This understanding tends to relieve some of the excitement. [SECOND DISPATCH.] To-dey has been the most exciting one in financial matters. Up to 2 o'clock filteen of the city banks suspended specie payments, of which the following is a revised list, viz: The Bank of New York, Arti. zan's, St. Nicholas, Chatham, Ocean, Market, Butchers & Drover's, Merchant's Ex. change, Irving, Citizen's, Tradesmen's, Bull's Head, New York Exchange, North River and Morine. Wall street at 2 o'clock was crowded with an anxious mass of people The steps of all the banks were blocked up by people forcing their way into the banks. At the American Exchange Bank David Leavitt addressed the crowd, assuring them that the banks would pay all to the last dollar. He also announced ithat an arrangement had been made with several of the $ strongest banks to go through without suspension. It is believed, however, that the suspension will be general. It is understood that some of our heaviest f e houses have withdrawn their gold from the banks and replaced it as a special deposit. There were rumors during the day effecting d nearly all the banks in the city. The above list gives all that certainly suspended up to three o clock. S The run on the Brooklin Savings Bank h was renewed to-day, but with less vigor, the bank paying promptly. Several raifures among the dry goods firms are announced, but none of them are very prominent. d [THE LATEST ] The run upon the Mechanic's, Merchant's Bank of America, Manhatter, and Ame ica

5. October 15, 1857 Quasqueton Guardian Quasqueton, IA
Article from Quasqueton Guardian, October 15, 1857

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Bank Failures NEW YORK, Oct. 13. To day has been a very exciting one on financial' matters. Up to 2 o'clock, 15 City Banks had suspended. The following is a revised list: Bank of New York, St. Nicholas, Chatham, Ocean, Market, Butchers' and Drovers', Merchant's Exchange, Irving, Citizens, Tradesman, Bullshead, North River and Marine. The latter, it is said, was stopped by an injunction precured by one of its customers, and it is presumed other banks have been stopped in the same way, as by this means the penalty of winding up which is attached to suspension in most cases of affairs, when generally known, will undoubtedly serve to allay the present undue excitement. Wall street at two o'clock was crowded with an anxious crowd of people. The steps of all the Banks were also blocked up by people, forcing their way into the Banks, At the American Exchange, David Leavitt addressed the crowd, assuring them that all the banks would pay all to the last dollar. He also announced thrt an arrangement had been made with several of the strongest banks to go through without suspension. It is believed, however, in the street, that the suspension will be general. It is understood that some of our heaviest houses have withdrawn their gold from the banks and replaced it as speciΔ™ deposts. There were rumors during the morning affecting nearly all the banks in the city, but the list gives all that had certainly suspended up to 3 P. M., The others, it is believed, continued to meet their liabilities tothe close of business hours. The sales of Railroad stocks at the first board were small at a general decline.β€” In State stocks business was large at a decline, excepting in Virginia's and Missouri's. Bank stock all sold at a decline. The run on the Brooklyn Savings Bank was renewed to-day with less vigor, the Bank paying promptly. Several failures in the dry goods line are announced, but none of very prominent firms. LATEST.-Tne run upon the Mechanics & Merchants Bank of America, Manhattan and American Exchange Banks was severe, and continued up to close of business.

6. October 15, 1857 New-York Daily Tribune New York, NY
Article from New-York Daily Tribune, October 15, 1857

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PROGRESS OF THE RESSURE EFFECT OF THE GENERAL SUSPENSION. EXCITEMENT ABATED. New-York City Bills taken at Par. ARRANGEMENTS IN REGARD TO STATE MONEY SAVINGS BANKS FALL BACK ON THE LAW. DEPOSITORS REQUIRED TO GIVE NOTICE. The Run Running Out. MERCHANTS ASK ACTION FROM THE LEGISLATURE THE EFFECT OUT OF THE CITY. From the unparalleled excitement of Monday, Wall street yesterday fell back to comparative apathy. Everybody seemed satisfied that the suspension was the only course to be pursued, and, although the event was the leading theme of conversation, no surprise and but little dissatisfaction was manifested. The ordinary course of business, which had been in a condition of derangement and uncertainty, began to take its usual form, and from the chaos of the past week some promising signs of order began to appear. Of course, the run on the Discount and Circulation Banks in a great measure ceased; but the Seamen's and Bowery Savings Banks were besieged at an early hour. In order to avert the serious consequences which would inevitably result from the exhaustion of their specie, the officers of the various Savings Institutions held a meeting, and resolved to take refuge behind that clause of the law which requires depositors to give notice of their intention to withdraw their money. This course materially checked the flow of specie, and will probably terminate the unwise panic among depositors. In the course of the day our reporters visited all the Banks in this City, Brooklyn and Jersey City. Below we give the result of their inquiries: ARTISANS' BANK. The Artisans' Bank is doing a very quiet business. It is restored to the Clearing-House, and stands now on a par with its fellow-suspenders. BANK OF AMERICA. The business was conducted at this bank as at the others-no specie being paid out. But few persons were in attendance, and there was no excitement. AMERICAN EXCHANGE BANK. The business transacted at the counter of this bank was large. The line of persons numbered over fifty Checks were certified and received on deposit, and, as in the case of the other banks, no coin was paid out. BANK OF COMMERCE. The Bank of Commerce has paid checks in the bills of other banks, received considerable deposits of gold, loaned $30,000 or more, and conducted business as usual, with the exception of paying specie. The Bank of Commerce receives special deposits of specie, checks drawn against which will be paid in specie. BANK OF THE REPUBLIC. The Bank of the Republic refused our reporter information on Tuesday. It was not applied to yeeterday. BULL'S HEAD BANK. Notwithstanding the reports which have been circulated for some days past relative to the suspension of this bank, it continued to pay specie upon its notes, as well as upon checks, until about 2 clock p. m. yes. terday, when it complied with the advice given by other banking institutions, and suspended specie pay. ments, having between $10,000 and $11,000 in its vaults. Quite & number of deposits were made in the bank yeeterday. BUTCHERS' AND DROVERS' BANK. The Butchers' and Drovers' Bank, which suspended Tuesday, with considerable specie on hand, opened again yesterday for business, on the non-specie paying baris, giving bills for some checks, certifying others. The officers of the bank express confidence that in the course of a few days they will be enabled to cash checks where the amounts are small. BROADWAY BANK. At the Broadway, the usual business was transacted, with the exception of paying specie. There had been 8 run on the United States Marshal's office, and Capt. Rynders came around about noon for a pile of bills. A large amount was drawn out in bills. CENTRAL BANK. The Central Bank is situated at the junction of Fulton and Washington streets, and was the first to stop. It is stated that this bank is endeavoring to make settlement, of which it will in due time apprise depositors, checkholders, and others having business to transact with it. CITY BANK. This institution resumed business on Wednesday morning in all its branches except the payment of specie. CHATHAM BANK. The business at this bank is carried on as usual, specie payments excepted. Checkholders exchanged largely for bills cn Wednesday morning. A few small specie deposits were made. On Tuesday $17,000 were paid out before stopping. Only $800 remained at the time of suspension. When our reporter called at 4 m. for further information, the officers had gone home. CITIZENS' BANK. The injunction which was recently put upon this bank, and precluded it from transacting any business whatever, was removed yesterday morning, when it immediately resumed operations, except paying out specie. CHEMICAL BANK. The Chemical Bank paid specia all day. It resolutely refuses to suspend. There was quite a brisk run from 10 to 12; it fell off then to almost nothing. The business of the day resulted in & diminution of specie of, say $35,000, a much less sum than was expected. The officers feel an increased confidence in their ability to meet everything in coin. They have received deposits to a large extent, principally in specie. One man deposited $9,000. One man said yesterday that he had about $15 000 locked up in his safe, which he would send round in the morning. When it becomes generally known that it is determined to pay specie, there can be no doubt that its specie will be largely increased. The average amount of coin in its vaults last week was $343,000. To-day it has $400,000. The Chemical Bank receives the bills of other banks on deposit; checks on these its are payable in currency only. This will protect the bank from depositors who deposit merely for the purpose of running it, and will preserve the specie value of the old deposits. The President of the bark, Mr. Jones, assures us that he voted against suspension in every instance at the meeting of the banks on Tuesday evening, and that he can by no means be held as acquiescing in the

7. October 16, 1857 Wilmington Journal Wilmington, NC
Article from Wilmington Journal, October 16, 1857

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From the Special Dispatch to Baltimore Sun. An Exciting Day In New York-Heavy Run on the Banks-Suspension of Specie Payments by Eighteen Banks-Others Holding Out, &c. NEW YORK, October 13.-Wall street has been blockaded to-day. The excitement was intense and all business paralyzed. The Post of this afternoon says : There has been some drawing by depositors from the city banks generally for a number of days past, though it was carried on quietly. Yesterday there was the first decided manifestation of a systematic run. It was directed particularly against the North River, Ocean and Merchants' Exchange Banks. The first named was reduced $10,000 in coin at three o'clock. A conference was then had with some of the officers of the leading banks as to the proper course to be pursued. If the run recommenced this morning the advice was to close the doors at once. As soon as the hour for drawing checks arrived this morning the depositors showed an unmistakeable determination to withdraw their balances in gold. They were paid long enough to assure the officers that the process would go on, and that an exhaustion of their means was only a question of a few hours. The North River, the Merchants, Exchange and the Ocean banks resolved to close immediately. The intelligence spread over the city as rapidly as an alarm of fire. In an hour more the Marine Bank was added to the list. Knots of bank directors and ot her officers were seen in consultation in every banking room. The alarm was now an established epidemic. Residents who yesterday would not admit the possibility of a suspension, began to share in the common consternation. Soon after the St. Nicholas, the People's, Butchers' and Drovers', Bull's Head, Bank of New York, Irving, Market, Chatham, Tradesmen's and New York Exchange banks all announced their inability to continue specie payments. Heavy runs also upon the Continental, Metropolitan, American Exchange, Nassau and Phoenix banks followed, but all of them met the demands. David Leavitt, Esq., of the American Exchange Bank, made a speech to the crowd, declaring his determination to-pay to the last dollar. He also announced that an agreement had been made with several of the strongest banks to go through without suspending. The officers of one of the principal Wall street banks advised its dealers yesterday that it would not take certified cheeks on deposit without reserving the right to return them if not made good at the clearing-house.The consequence was that the gold was drawn from all the banks that were not flikely to go through another day. This aggravated the excitement among dealers,

8. October 17, 1857 Muscatine Weekly Journal Muscatine, IA
Article from Muscatine Weekly Journal, October 17, 1857

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THE NEWS. -The telegraph gives notice of a general suspension of specie payments by the banks of New York and Boston. CALIFORNIA.-The steamer Granada arrived at New Orleans on the 13th, having connected at the Isthmus with the Northern Light from San Francisco, Sept. 20th. The news is not very important. Weller's majority over both his antagonists is 11,000. The Legislature is largely Democratic. Bates, Ex-Treasurer, and Rowe, his clerk, have both been committed to jail in default of payment. Chief Justice Murray is dend. Col. Casey, of Tenn., has been killed in a duel with Mr. Blair. The 'onstitutional Convention of Oregon is in session. The Slavery question was slightly agitated. California markets were du.l. Accounts from the mines were dull. Nothing of importance from Central America. -A riot took place in Baltimore on the 14th between the Americans of the Sixth and the Democrats of the Eighth Ward. Mu-kets and pistols were used. Police officer Jordan was killed and others wounded. -The financial crisis is the burden of the telegraphic dispatches from the eastern seaboard. The following are the New York City Banks reported failed on the 13th: Bank of New York, Artisans, St. Nicholas, Chatham, Ocean, Market, Butchers and Drovers, Merchants, Exchange, Irving, Citizens, Tradesmans, Bull's Head, North River, Marine, Broadway Bank, People's Bank, Bank of the State of New York and Bank of North America. Great excitement prevailed. Policemen were stationed at many of the banks to preserve order. At the meeting of New York Bank Presidents, on the 12th, it was resolved to suspend so far as paying over the counter is concerned; and a Committee was appointed to go to Albany to confer with the Governor, and if possible induce him to call an extra session of the Legislature with the view of obtaining a legalization of the suspension of specie payments. -The election in New Mexico has resulted in the triumph of the Democrats. Otero is elected to Congress by at least 3,000 majority.

9. October 21, 1857 The Burlington Weekly Hawk-Eye Burlington, IA
Article from The Burlington Weekly Hawk-Eye, October 21, 1857

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Suspension of Eighteen Banks--ResΓ³lusion of others to Suspend. [From the New York papers of Wednesday.| Since the financial crisis has been upon us the city has not passed through so severe an excitement as was witnessed yesterday. At an early hour in the day rumΓ©rs were rife that several of the city banks had Buspended, and immediately the vicinities of the different institutions mentioned, and in fact of all the banks in the city, were surrounded with anxious and alarmed crowds, whose excitement was not allayed by seeing the omisous ammouncement ou the doors of the closed banks, "This bank hassuspended." Wall street in particular exhibited a scene which it had not presented since the terrible times of 1837. The banks were literally besieged, not alone by those particularly interested but by multitudes of idlers and alarmists.To such an extent did this reach that the aid of the police had in some instances to be called in to enable the clerks to transact business. On the street the panic manifested steelf in thousands of alarmed faces either passing burriedly along from bank to bank, or gazing in silent stupor from the opposite side walks at the crowds accending and descending the steps of the banking houses upon which the excitement seemed to concentrate. It may be hardly necesmry to my that much of this alarm was needless; but when we look at the notual number of banks which suspended during the day-irrespective of the vague rumors with reference to others flying around through an already over excited community-it is no wonder that the equanimity of the city should have been 80riously disturbed. The banks which closed yesterday are as follows:-North River Bank, Ocean Bank, Irving Bank, Merchant's Exchange, New York Ex. change, Citizens Bank, Marine Bank, Market Bank, Chatham Bank, Tradesman's Bank, St. Nicholas Bank, Butchers' s Drovers Bank, People's Bank, Bull's Head Bank, New York Bank, Leather Manufacturers' Bank, Artisans' Bank, and Broadway Bank. The Banks is Greenwich street closed their like mildfit --

10. October 28, 1857 The Spirit of Democracy Woodsfield, OH
Article from The Spirit of Democracy, October 28, 1857

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List of Suspended, Depreciated and Discredited Banks. Leather Manufacturers' Bank, New York City; Hudson County Bank, Jersey City; Broadway Bank New York City; People's Bank New York City; Bank of New York; Farmer's Bank, Petersburgh, Va; Union Bank, New Orleans; Marine Bank, N. Y. City; Tradesman's Bank, " " " " Artisan's Bank, Butcher's and Drover's Bank, New York city; Market Bank, New York City; " " St. Nicholas Bank, " " Pacific Bank, " " " " Irving Bank, " Merchants Exchange," " " North River Bank, " New York Exchange," " " Citizens' Bank, " " Ocean Bank, " " Chatham Bank, " " Bull's Head Bank, " " East River Bank, Pratt Bank, Buffalo, New York, Belleville Bank, Illinois; " Bank of Chester, Stock Security Bank, Illinois; " Corn Exchange Bank, Bank of Pike County, " State Bank of South Caaolina, Charleston;

11. November 18, 1857 The Spirit of Democracy Woodsfield, OH
Article from The Spirit of Democracy, November 18, 1857

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THE SPIRIT OF DEMOCRACY List of Suspended. Depreciated and Discredited Banks. Leather Manufacturers' Bank, New York City; Hudson County Bank, Jersey City; Broadway Bank New York City; People's Bank New York City; Bank of New York; Farmer's Bank, Petersburgh, Va; Union Bank, New Orleans; Marine Bank, N. Y. City; Tradesman's Bank, " " Artisan's Bank, " " Butcher's and Drover's Bank, New York city; Market Bank, New York City; St. Nicholas Bank, " " Pacific Bank, " " Irving Bank, " " Merchants Exchange," " North River Bank, " " New York Exchange," " Citizens' Bank, " " Ocean Bank, " " Chatham Bank, " " Bull's Head Bank, " " East River Bank, " " Pratt Bank, Buffalo, New York, Belleville Bank, Illinois; Bank of Chester, " Stock Security Bank, Illinois; Corn Exchange Bank, " Bank of Pike County, " Woodsfield Retail Market [Corrected weekly by Sinclair & Baker.] WOODSFELD Nov. 17, '57. Flour per barrel, - - - - - - $5,00 Wheat per bushel, - - - - - - 70 Oats per bushel, - - - - - - 25 Corn per bushel, - - - - - - 37 Lard per pound, - - - - - - 10 Rice per pound, - - - - - - 9 to 10 Candles per pound, - - - - - - 18 Tallow per pound, - - - - - - 12 Salt per barrel, - - - - - - 3,00 Hams per pound, - - - - - - 8 Shoulders per pound, - - - - - - 7 Corn meal per bushel, - - - - - - 37 Eggs per dozen, - - - - - - 6 Tea per pound, - - - - - - 75 to 1,00 New Orleans Sugar per pound, - - - - - - 14 Molasses per gallon, - - - - - - 70 Rio Coffee per pound, - - - - - - 15 Java Coffee per pound. - - - - - - 18 Hay per ton - - - - - - 8,00 Fish per pound, - - - - - - 10 Nails 8d. 9d. and 10d. 5Β½ and 6ΒΌ Brooms per dozen, - - - - - - 2,00 Onions per bushel, - - - - - - 50 Timothy seed per bushel, - - - - - - 2,50 Butter per pound, - - - - - - 15 Potatoes per bushel - - - - - - 25 TO TEACHERS. THE Board of Examiners of Monroe County, Ohio, will, for the purpose of examining Teachers and granting Certificates to those found qualified, hold meetings in the Woodsfield Union School, on each of the following days, viz: Saturday, 24th Oct. at 8 o'clock A. M. " 7th Nov. " " " 21st " " " 5th Dee. " " " 19th " " The examination will commence each day precisely at 8 o'clock, A. M., and Teachers not present at that hour, will not be examined. By order of the Board. JOHN MOORE, Clerk. Woodsfield, Sept. 23, 1857. Sunfish Machine Shop. WILLIAM LITTEN, Proprietor. THE undersigned has purchased the whole of the Sunfish Machine shop, and Blacksmith shop heretofore managed by Kiernan and McBride. He is prepared to do any and all kinds of work in the very best style, and at moderate prices. This establishment has a reputation equalled by none other in the county. Oct. 28, 1857. WM. LITTEN. Notice

12. November 21, 1857 San Andreas Independent San Andreas, CA
Article from San Andreas Independent, November 21, 1857

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They have voted to resume specie payments, at the earliest moment, and in the meantime it is expected that they will increase their discounts. The feeling is now that the bottom has been reached, and that after a little time, necessary for men to look about them, and see where they are, business will improve. The prospects for the working classes, during the coming winter, are anything but encouraging. On the 13th, ult., the money market was extremely tight, and the failures constant and heavy. The Illinois, Michigan and Central railroad occurrences precipitated the climax which took place on Thursday, the 13th, up to 2 o'clock, fifteen City banks had suspended. The following are some of them :-Bank of New York, Butchers' and Drovers' Bank, Merchants' Exchange, Irving, Citizens' Bulls Head, New York, North River, Exchange and Marine. The assignment of the Illinois Central Railroad, caused great excitement in Wall street, New York; a general suspension was resolved upon. RAILROAD ACCIDENT.-A dreadful accident happened on Central Railroad, about six miles west of Syracuse. The recent rains had weakened the embankment on Nine Mile Creek, so that when the train came along, it gave way, and the cars were precipitated, one upon the other, into the stream. To add to the horror of the scene, the mail car caught fire, and all the mail bags save one, were destroyed.