gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
4be54c2737ebcc52
Response Measures
Capital injected, Full suspension, Books examined
Other: Receivership and appointment of auditors/receiver; state banking department took charge of related small banks and reorganization plans underway.
Receivership Details
Depositor recovery rate
86.6%
Date receivership started
1928-11-26
Date receivership terminated
1937-09-27
OCC cause of failure
Governance
Share of assets assessed as good
80.2%
Share of assets assessed as doubtful
10.6%
Share of assets assessed as worthless
9.3%
Description
Multiple articles state the bank closed during a run and was placed in receivership the same day; several small local banks closed afterward.
Events (5)
1.September 17, 1906Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2.November 26, 1928Receivership
Source
historical_nic
3.November 26, 1928Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
Bank With Assets Above $11,000,000 Is Closed During Run ... closed its doors at 11 a.m. today during a run of withdrawals.
Source
newspapers
4.November 26, 1928Run
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
Heavy withdrawals triggered by baseless rumors/financial scare and reports about collapse of sale negotiations.
Measures
Bank closed its doors at 11 a.m.; directors held conferences to arrange reorganization.
Newspaper Excerpt
The Fourth National Bank of Macon ... closed its doors at 11 a.m. today during a run of withdrawals.
Source
newspapers
5.November 26, 1928Suspension
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
Suspension/closing enacted in response to the run provoked by baseless rumors and a financial scare.
Newspaper Excerpt
The Fourth National Bank of Macon ... closed its doors at 11 a. m., today during a run of withdrawals.
Source
newspapers
Newspaper Articles (19)
1.November 26, 1928Evening StarWashington, DC
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Article Text
Bank With Assets Above $11,000,000 Is Closed During Run By the Associated Press. MACON, Ga., November 26.-The Fourth National Bank of Macon, with capital of $500,000 and resources listed at more'than $11,000,000, closed its doors at 11 a.m. today during a run of withdrawals.
2.November 26, 1928Daily American RepublicPoplar Bluff, MO
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Article Text
NATIONAL BANK AT MACON, GA., CLOSES AFTER HEAVY "RUN"
By The Associated Press Macon, Ga., Nov. 26.-The Fourth National Bank of Macon with capital of $500,000 and resources listed at closed its more than $11,000,000, doors m., today during a run of withdrawals.
3.November 26, 1928The Havre Daily NewsHavre, MT
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Article Text
BANK CLOSES DOORS
Macon, Nov. 26. (AP) The Fourth National bank of Macon, with capital of $500,000 and resources listed at more than $11,000,000, closed its doors at 11 a. m., today during a run of withdrawals. The bank had deposits of around $9,000,000.
GEORGIA BANK CLOSES.
Fourth National bank of Macon. with capital of $500,000 and resources listed at more than $11.000.000 closed ILS doors at 11 a. m. today during a run of withdrawals The bank had deposits of around $9,000,000
BANK CLOSES
MACON, Ga., Nov. 26.-(P)-The Fourth National Bank of Macon, with capital of $500,000 and resources listed at more than $11,000,000 closed its 11 m. today during a run at of withdrawals.
6.November 27, 1928The Columbus TelegramColumbus, NE
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Article Text
Forces Bank Georgia to Close
Macon, Nov. 27 the largest banks in Georgia, the Fourth National bank of Macon, was closed today after which also closed a subsidiary bank at Bryson, Ga.
7.November 27, 1928The South Bend TribuneSouth Bend, IN
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Article Text
MACON, GA., BANK CLOSES.
MACON, Ga., Nov. 27.-The Fourth National Bank of Macon closed Monday during run. The bank in its last report listed resources totaling in excess of $11,000,000.
EIGHT GEORGIA BANKS CLOSED Run on Reserve Agent Is Blamed; Reopening Promised MACON, Ga., Nov. 28.-(P)-The affairs of eight Georgia banks were in the hands of the state banking department today as a sequel to the closing of the Fourth National bank of Macon Monday. The Macon bank was their federal reserve agent. In each case officers assured depositors of protection and announced that reorganization and reopening would be effected as soon as possible. Heavy withdrawals brought about by a "financial scare" over the condition of the Fourth National, were blamed in every instancee. Meanwhile, the directorate of the Fourth National was busy arranging conferences looking toward reorganization and capitalization at $750.000 instead of $500,000 as at present. While officers of the Fourth Natiosal yesterday were issuing a statement which said a two-hour run Monday was due to "baseless rumors connected with the collapse of negotiations for sale of the institution to Atlanta financiers, the city commission was passing a resolution of confidence in its officers and directorate.
9.November 28, 1928The Ogden Standard-ExaminerOgden, UT
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Article Text
EIGHT BANKS CLOSE WHEN ONE FAILS
MACON, Ga., Nov. Eight small Georgia banks were closed today as result of the failure Monday of the Fourth National bank of Macon. with listed resources of more than With the exception of the Citizens' bank of Fort Valley. capitalized at $100,000. the other institutions. the Bank of Byronville, Irwinton bank, Bank of Preston, Citizens Bank company of Culloden, Bank of Bradley, Farmers and Merchants' Bank of Gordon, and Farmers' Bank of Byron capitalized at from $15,000 to $25,000. The institutions were closed after heavy runs Tuesday due to the financial scare that followed closIng of the Macon bank All the banks located the Georgia peach belt. Exact cause of the run was con. cealed, although financial circles said recent investments had turned out, poorly.
EIGHT BANKS IN FLU EPIDEMIC GEORGIA CLOSE HITS FILM FOLK
HEAVY MACON HOUSE CAUSED CLOSING OF THE OTHERS
MACON. Ga., Nov The affairs of eight Georgia banks were in the hands of the state banking department today as sequel to the closing of the Fourth National bank of Macon Monday. The Macon bank was their federal reserve agent. In each case officers assured depositors of protection and announced that reorganization and reopening would be effected as soon as possible. brought about by "financial scare" over the of the Fourth National. were blamed in every instance. Meanwhile, the directorate of the Fourth National was busy arranging conferences looking toward organization and capitalization instead of $500,000 as present. While officers of the Fourth National yesterday were issuing statement which said two hour run Monday was due "baseless rumors" connected with the collapse of negotiations for sale of the institution to Atlanta financiers, the city was passing resolution of confidence in its officers and directorate
HOLLYWOOD. Cal., Nov. 28.-(P) -Thirteen motion picture stars and two directors were confined to their beds today with attacks of influenza. What was described as "mild epidemic" struck the film colony Sunday when Clara Bow and John Gilbert, screen actors were brought down with the disease. Others under physicians' care include Lois Wilson, Monte Blue, Mr. and Mrs. Richard Barthelmess, Mary Philbin, Loretta Young. Sally Phipps, Jean Arthur. Ruth Taylor, William Haines and Buster Keaton, actors, and W. Murnau and Edward In the Metropolitan district of Los Angeles 502 new cases of influenza were reported yesterday, bringing the total for the month to 2,163 cases. Deaths total 41. In San Diego, Dr. E. Lessem, city and county health officer. announced he would issue an order tolay closing the city schools for an indefinite period beginning December because of the prevailence of influenza among the students.
11.November 28, 1928The Hopewell NewsHopewell, VA
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Article Text
Eight More Georgia Banks Close Today
MACON, Ga., Nov. Eight small banks closed today result of the failure Monday the Fourth National Bank Macon, with listed resources of more than $11,000,000. The institutions were closed after heavy runs Tuesday due to financial scare followed closing of the of the Macon bank All the banks were located in the Georgia peach With Clyde Edwards, in charge of audit, and Claude Gilbert an receiver of Fourth named National here, plans were underway affairs so creditors today adjust could be cared for.
12.November 29, 1928The Altus Times-DemocratAltus, OK
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Article Text
EIGHT GEORGIA BANKS CLOSED
MACON. Ga. Nov. Eight small Georgia banks were closed today as result of the failure Monday of the Fourth National Bank of with listed resources of more than With the exception of the Citizens bank of Fort Valley, capitalized $100,000. other institutions. the bank of Byronville and Bank of Irwinton: Bank of Preston. Citizens Bank company of Culloden. Bank of Bradley, Farmers and Merchants Bank of Gordon. and Farmers bank of Byron were capitalized at from $15,000 $25,000 The institutions were closed after heavy runs Tue day due to the financial scare that followed closing of the Macon bank
BIG BANK FAILURE Macon. Ga., Nov. Fourth National bank of Macon with capital of $500,000 and resources listed nt more than $11,000,000. closed its doors Morduring run of withdrawals The bank had deposits of around $9,000,000.
14.December 4, 1928The Macon TelegraphMacon, GA
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Article Text
Georgia Editors Say
DANGER OF FALSE The failure of Middle Georgia open business following closing of the Fourth National Bank of Macon has caused widespread apprehension the part of depositors and just another of what will closing of the Fourth Namors do. tional necessary because of rumor. followed the bank found impossible to assets without shutting its doors. As soon this happened depositors all the surrounding section struck with sudden fear and their various banks closed for safety's Those which closed include the Bank Byromville, capitalized $15,000; Bank Bradley, capitalized $15,000; Bank Preston, capitalized at $15,000; Farmers Merchants Bank of Gordon, capitalized at Citizens Bank Fort Acthe Fort cording Valley the voted Monday. Mr. Martin ing the bank solvent and the was only The bank had the last financial the bank the profits All the other good condition closing and of the presidents declare that they will all re-open within short closings was tributed by the news the closing the Fourth Bank at Macon succession. National the approved agent for other banks and officials are certain the affairs the Macon readjusted all the banks will open good With work, the directors of the National are holding working out plans relieve situation for the the plans being has the ganization bank take over the Fourth National and start This new bank, should organized, would capital stock $750,000. has been shown that the whole affair was brought about through baseless rumor. Such rumors hard suppress once started for there rumor quite interesting positor alleged his bank. The closings reflection upon the financial situation Georgia people other the learn the closings small the will form to the reported state whole starts the original rumor. cases such rumors of some depositors might they about the banking their heads and work to prevent Times
HIGHWAY BUILDING
Next on the program, matter of course. must be the and means "coming going". Every those days back sandy were the dry days, swollen the the passing the sured, and the lizzie" hailed means being able fifteen miles per hour, including balking cranking up. have seriously in our minds that duty pleasure, boost for roads. and season our voice has been raised for them. Progress though us desire, has outdistanced the accomyet great been the change, the everlasting pleading, and argument acknowledged be necessity the an found accomplish become obsolete. Real roads being temporary construction scorned. The narrow broad And considered speed of dozen years Several organizations polled represenour adherents but they putting thorns our roses. peeved. help highway, refund bond first give We don't any promises, are tired second the first Oh, stand not big don't far big do, gas tax the Fords and far the fellow We objection and contact. Let's play the you. Charlton County Herald.
15.July 12, 1929The Macon TelegraphMacon, GA
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DIVIDEND CLAIMS PROVE NUMEROUS
Many Depositors Apply for Money at Fourth National Bank
There was quite an active demand for the 15 per cent dividend. just announced, at the Fourth National bank," yesterday Receiver Herbert Pearson has reduced the force of employes operating under the receivership to minimum, but in. stead of having one clerk to wait on customers yesterday, as he announced. he placed two clerks at the windows. In that way congestion was relieved. There were not more than dozen or so persons in line at time. yesterday morning. The bank re-opened at 3 o'clock, yesterday afternoon, and continued open until o'clock, but there were
16.December 31, 1929The Macon TelegraphMacon, GA
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MRS. FRANKLIN NAMED IN SUIT
Assessment on Stock Sought by Receiver For Bank
Herbert Pearson, receiver of the Fourt National bank of Macon, terday brought action in the U. S. District court here against Mrs. Fannie Boyd Franklin, of Butts county, asking judgment of $1,000, stockholders' on 10 shares of stock. The bank receiver is represented by the law firm of Jones, Jones, Johnston and Russell.
17.January 12, 1930The Macon TelegraphMacon, GA
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Article Text
tion filed Superior court yesterday by Herbert Pearson, receiver for the Fourth National bank of Macon, to recover a $13,400 stock assessment. Mr. Harrold is said to have owned 134 shares of the Fourth National stock when the institution closed its doors in November, 1929. The bank receiver is represented by the law firm of Jones, Jones, Johnston and Russell.
STUDENTS TO GIVE SHOW COCHRAN, Ga., Jan. 11.-Students of the Middle Georgia college here will present minstrel Tuesday eveunder the direction of Miss Rachael Tant of Atlanta. Several of the leading men of the city also been asked to participate in the show.
18.June 25, 1930The Macon NewsMacon, GA
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BANK RECEIVER NAMED IN TWO EQUITY SUITS
Herbert Pearson. receiver for the defunct Fourth National bank here, was made defendant in two suits in equity filed in United States district court Tuesday Each action seeks to obtain preferential liens on funds on hand at the bank One asking for brought by Oscar Dooley, trustee for the Bankers Trust company. Atlanta and the other brought by Cochran. liquidator of the Commercial Bank and Trust company. of West Palm Beach. Fla The latter action asked for The notices were served by James Dent. U. marshal
19.September 24, 1931The Macon NewsMacon, GA
Article Text
BANK IS DUE FRIDAY
Defunct Fourth National to Make Five Per Cent Payment to Depositors
Payment of five per cent divi. dend depositors defunct Fourth will begin in old the of Cherry and Third has been M Dudley The amount to be distributed totals stated When this money paid the depositors will have received 80 cent of their deposits the time the closed in 1928 The old bank quarters are being reopened for the distribution of money limited office the office in the First National bank explained All depositors will be quired to present their receiver's certificates show proof claim. The in the old buildwill for ing which as ample for depositors their funds town have mailed notification of the dividend
Bank runs are almost always and everywhere a deterioration of bank fundamentals.
But not for you.
You are the measure-zero exception: great fundamentals, solid bank, and yet the Diamond Dybvig fairy spread its rumor. Depositors woke up. Your collateral was not prepositioned. The Clearinghouse had it for you.
Do not pass Go. Do not collect $200. Go directly to jail… or worse.