gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
0a330cacce3c475d
Response Measures
Capital injected, Full suspension, Books examined
Clearinghouse involved: Yes
(loan, examination, or other measures)
Description
Articles consistently refer to the First National Bank of Brooklyn (Brooklyn branch of New York).
Events (6)
1.September 10, 1907Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2.October 24, 1907Run
Cause
Local Banks
Cause Details
Runs and failures of nearby trust companies and other Brooklyn institutions (Jenkins Trust, Williamsburg Trust) causing heavy withdrawals from the national bank.
Measures
Paid out available cash until unable to meet withdrawals; directors and examiners later closed bank to protect depositors.
Newspaper Excerpt
Depositors are flocking to the various banks to draw funds and a run on the American Trust company continues.
Source
newspapers
3.October 25, 1907Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
which suspended and was placed in the hands of Receiver John W. Schofield, October 25, 1907, having complied with all the conditions imposed by the comptroller of the currency ... the receiver has been instructed by the comptroller to turn over the assets to the directors and to permit the bank to reopen its doors for business on Monday morning, February 10, 1908.
Source
newspapers
4.October 25, 1907Suspension
Cause
Local Banks
Cause Details
Closed to protect depositors because it cleared for failed trust companies (Williamsburg and Jenkins) whose checks might be presented; state/federal examiners placed bank in receivership after heavy withdrawals and clearing exposures.
Newspaper Excerpt
The First National bank of Brooklyn closed its doors this afternoon and National Bank Examiner George T. Cutts has taken charge by order of the comptroller of the currency.
Source
newspapers
5.February 10, 1908Reopening
Newspaper Excerpt
The First National bank of Brooklyn ... reopened for business today. The deficiency of $165,000 which existed when the bank suspended, has been made good by the stockholders.
Source
newspapers
6.July 19, 1922Voluntary Liquidation
Source
historical_nic
Newspaper Articles (20)
1.October 24, 1907The Evening StatesmanWalla Walla, WA
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BANKS CLOSE IN NEW YORK Two More Big Institutions said to Have Failed NEW YORK. Oct. 24.-Two more banks failed today; the Twelfth Ward and Hamilton banks, both smaller institutions than those hitherto involved. The state banking department is in charge. The Hamilton bank had six branches in Harlem and one in Wiliiams burgh; the Mercantile National formerly cleared for the Hamilton. The Hamilton had deposits amounting to $7,000,000. The Twelft Ward had deposits amounting to $3,000,000. Bankers state that the Twelfth Ward bank is solvent but that it closed its doors to safeguardo all its depositors. The Hamilton bank has a notice on its door which states, 'This bank is absolutely solvent. In justice to all depositors it suspended payments until public confidence is restored." Harlem and Bronx are in an uproar. Depositors are flocking to the various banks to draw funds and a run on the American Trust company continues. Morgan said this morning: "The first two hours will tell the tale; We have done all we can. I hope for the best. It is time for action, not talk." The Empire City Savings bank is the first institution to take advantage of the new state law which compels depositors to give sixty days' notice of the intention to withdraw the deposits. Its deposits"amount to $3.500,000. Morgan to the Rescue. In the loaning section of the exchange today there were scenes of excitement when heavy loans at high rates were called for. The National Copper bank loaned $500,000 at 50 percent; the First National bank $2,000.000 at 50 per cent and a syndicate of banks loaned $3,000,000. Drawn out from his retirement, J. P. Morgan has won the greates: financial triumph of his career. Commanding the market at a psychological moment and bringing with him the mighty power of Rockefeller and Cortelyou, he has averted a great disaster and panic which might have retarded the growth of the country for a decade. It is estimated that $200,000,000 has been withdrawn from the banks the last two weeks. Rockefeller continues to loan today at six per cent. Normal conditions are looked for before the close of the week.
2.October 26, 1907Deseret Evening NewsSalt Lake City, UT
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BANK WAS CLOSED TO PROTECT ITS DEPOSITORS. Washington, Oct. 25.-Comptroller of the Currency Ridgely stated this afternoon that the Banking & Trust company and the Williamsburg Trust company, which suspended payment today, were directly responsible for the closing of the doors of the First National bank of Brooklyn. It appears that the latter bank cleared for the two trust companies and the closing of the bank doors today was for the pui. pose of protecting their depositors, inasmuch as otherwise it would have been held responsible for the paper of the two trust companies that might come in any time up to tomorrow morning. The following statement was given out late today from the comptroller's office: "The First National bank of Brooklyn closed its doors this afternoon and National Bank Examiner George T. Cutts has taken charge by order of the comptroller of the currency. The First National bank cleared for the WilHamsburg Trust company, and the Jenkins Trust company of Brooklyn, both of which failed today. The national bank was closed to protect its depositors against the checks of the trust companies which might be presented through the elearing house."
3.October 28, 1907New-York TribuneNew York, NY
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any other institution for the time," he said. "All of the other members of the Clearing House received the same instruction regarding the banks for whom they were clearing That order left us without means of getting cash. We have as good securities as any other bank in the country, but when we were unable to get money upon them we had no alternative but to close our doors. The Clearing House is doing everything that it can to improve the present situation, and as soon as this flurry is over I suppose it will rescind its order regarding clearing. Of course only a certain number of banks can be members of the Clearing House, and the other banks have to clear through them. "The state accountants are still going over our books, and they will not report probably until Tuesday or later. Our bank is entirely sound. The rumor that politicians have had preferences shown them by us is entirely unfounded. As for the International Trust Company, we had never gone into that concern. The action was only proposed, but was not carried out, and now will not be." The Jenkins Trust Company, the First National Bank. the Terminal Bank, the Williamsburg Trust Company and its branches, generally known as the "Jenkins banks," it was generally understood yesterday would reopen on Tuesday. The federal and state examiners, according to the directors, have found the institutions solvent and in a position to continue doing business as soon as the ready cash was obtained. President John G. Jenkins, jr., said yesterday he did not propose to open the Williamsburg Trust Company's offices until he was satisfied he could do SO without closing his doors again. He said that his bank would never have been compelled to close up had it not been for the run which used up all the available cash. A movement is on foot, according to Jullan D. Fairchild, president of the Kings County Trust Company, to bring the banks and the trust companies closer together. "We do not need a clearing house in Brooklyn, as has been suggested," he said yesterday. "We want only one such institution. What we do want is a closer connection between the banks and the trust companies. The trust companies should go into the clearing house, either as regular or as associate members. The trust companies, like the banks, should make weekly reports concerning themselves. That would give people a reliable understanding of the banking situation of the city's institutions. The trust companies have as much. if not more, money on deposit than the banks have, and yet at present they do not take steps to keep the public informed concerning themselves. This crisis may result in bringing them into closer relation with the banks. I do not think that they should be compelled to keep on hand such large reserves as the banks. The banks must have 25 per cent of their deposits, but the trust companies are not required to keep more than about 12 per cent on hand. Their deposits are slower. not so liable to be paid out and their securities are better. The Clearing House and the trust companies should be able to determine upon some equitable arrangement whereby the trust companies could become members or associate members of the former."
BIG SHIPMENTS OF GOLD FROM EUROPE New York Bankers Have Aid on Ocean MANY MILLIONS IN CASH Bank "Run Lines"- are Dwinding Away and Deposits are Beginning to Exceed Withdrawals. NEW YORK, Oct. 29. Announcement is made that $25,000,000 in gold has been engaged in Europè to meet the demands for ready currency in New York, and some of it is already on its way. More gold will be engaged for shipment during the week. It is evident that the financial hysteria is dying a rapid death of wet feet arising from the weather and cool headedness arising from sober and saner second thought. The Trust Company of America, upon which a run has continued three days, found as the result of the day's business that they had had deposits in excess of withdrawals of $296,000. They had also been able to collect $223,000 of outstanding loans, so that the net outcome for the day was an increase in cash of $519,000. The report that has gained much credence here to the effect that the big life insurance companies had decided to extend the time within which premiums might be paid proves incorrect. It appears to have been based on a misapprehension of facts. Except at the Northern bank in Broadway every "run line" showed a marked dwindling away at both ends as the day om the head, where persons were being paid off, and from the tall, where men and women, tired out with waiting in the cold and wet, were going home. In Washington Secretary Cortelyou stated that he had received reassuring reports from New York, Chicago and other points and that everywhere confidence is being restored and conditions are much improved. The market opened strong and remained steady, a pretty good barometer of the general sentiment. All along the line a more optimistic feeling was shown. It was announced that two more of the over the river concerns which suspended temporarily last week, the Williamsburg Trust company and the First National bank of Brooklyn, would resume business inside of forty-eight hours. William H. S. Wood, who as president of the Bowery Savings bank guards $100,000,000, belonging to more than 200,000 depositors, mainly the poor of the east side, expresses the opinion the. worst was over. Then he added: "Good has come out of all this. It has proved that the savings banks of New York are substantial." Mr. Wood is looked upon as a financial prophet, for he foretold the present panie more than three months ago. He then looked into the future and weighed the causes and effects of prosperity. His own bank had just reached the $100,000,000 deposit record, and It was thought he would take an optimistle view of the business situation and the outlook.
5.October 29, 1907New-York TribuneNew York, NY
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BOROUGH BANK INQUIRY. Examiners Still Busy Finding Cause of Troubles. Bank examiners have 80 far been unable to reach the bottom of the tangled affairs of the Borough Bank. in Brooklyn, which suspended on Friday coincidently with the suspension of the International Trust Company, of Manhattan, and the Brooklyn Bank, a branch of the International Trust Company Paul Grout, of counsel for the institution, .d after R protracted meeting of the directors yesterday afternoon: "The bank examiners are still busy on our books. Until they have made a report we shall make no statement." This declaration was repeated in reply to several questions regarding a number of stories about the financial methods of the suspended institution. Howard C. Pyle, a Brooklyn real estate man, who started aspetition yesterday among the depositors, expressing their confidence in the bank's management and agreeing to leave their money on deposit for six months, said that this action was taken to forestall the possibility of the appointment of a receiver It is felt that A receivership would be distinctly against the best interests of the depositors. Of the 4,250 depositors not more than a score had signed the petition yesterday, but a meeting of the depositors has been called for 11 o'clock to-morrow morning. It will be held in The Assembly, in Pierrepont street, and at that time some action will be taken to conserve the best interests of the depositors, who represent some $2,500,000 of deposits. It was stated on the day the bank suspended that some $2,000,000 had been drawn out within a week. The Oriental Bank, of Manhattan, suddenly ceased to clear for the Borough Bank about five days before the suspension of the latter. There was a story yesterday that about $500,000 of cotlateral which the Borough Bank was supposed to have on deposit with the Oriental had been found not up to the standard and that this had something to do with the suspension. At the Oriental Bank it was said in connection with these stories: "The International Trust Company does not owe anything to the Oriental Bank and the Borough Bank has only a small loan. amply secured by satisfactory collateral. The Oriental stopped the clearing privilege of the Borough Bank because the balances of the Borough were not up to the requirements of the Oriental Bank.'' Regarding two loans, said to be of $140,000 each, said to have been made to two directors of the International Trust Company from the Borough Bank or the Oriental Bank, representatives of the latter institution said they knew nothing of such loans. William Gow, who organized the International Trust Company and owns a controlling interest in the Borough Bank, was quoted yesterday as saying that the International owed money to the Borough. He refused to go into details. Discussing the possibility of the Borough Bank being able to pay its depositors in full, one of the directors said with emphasis: "The directors will have to see that the depositors are paid. I shall insist upon it." He declared that he personally had not borrowed a dollar from the institution. An Alderman who Is running for re-election in one of the South Brooklyn districts has $10,000 tied up in the Borough Bank. This crippled him so seriously that he had to go to a savings bank yesterday to get some of his nest egg. He was allowed to take $150, and will now be able to carry on his campaign. Of the money tied up in the Borough Bank $83,000 is deposited by the city in the form of certified checks given to the city by contractors as bonds for the fulfilment of contracts. The city will be responsible for this money. Confidence was restored in financial circles in Brooklyn yesterday. The uneasiness which was plainly evident on Saturday had been replaced by assurance that the Brooklyn banking institutions were perfectly sound and that it was the part of folly to withdraw money on deposit in them. It was said to be almost certain that the First National Bank of Brooklyn, the Williamsburg Trust Company and the Jenkins Trust Company would reopen within a few days, or as soon as the bank examiners had made their report. In a majority of the institutions the receipts in cash for the day were far ahead of those taken out by depositors. There was only one institution which had a line at the paying teller's window worthy of notice at the opening of banking hours. This was the Home Trust Company. But by noon the officials of the trust company had established connections with Manhattan Institutions, which gave it more resources than it needed. In the morning the depos-
6.November 30, 1907The Evening WorldNew York, NY
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$2,000,000 FROM NATIONAL BANK IN JENKINS LOANS Federal Examiners Unearth More Scandal in Brooklyn. BANK'S RECORDS GONE. Clarke District Attorney Traces Last Day Transactions to Save Insiders. Consational as the developments have stone the Kings County Grand Jury took up the investigation of the Berough Bank and the Jenkins Trust Company. more surprising revelations are looloed for in the Federal and county joint investigation of the looting of the First National Bank It is reported by men who have means of knowing what the prelimimary investigation of the National Back Examiners has revealed that the banking members of the Jenkins famBy obtained close to $2,000,000 from that institution while John G. Jenkine, sr., was Hs president. The money was as tained, 1t is alleged. through fake loans such as were made by the Williamsburg Trust Company and the Jenkins Trust Company to the brokerage firm of Frank. & J. G. Jenkins, Jr., & Co. "The First National Bank," said one of the men who knows about it to-day, "he the most hopelessly involved of any of the Brooklyn institutions that failed." Clarke Finds New Frauds. District-Attorney Clarke, with bank examiners and assistants. was busy today arranging his documentary evidence to be presented to the Grand Jury in the Brooklyn bank cases Monday. The betwork of fraud spreads hourly, and it may be days before the District-Attorney can reveal all who are enmeshed. It is known that on the day of the suspension of the bank the notes and forged papers which were used to cover up the crooked transactions of Gow. Maxwell and Campbell were destroyed. However, the District-Attorney. through the confession of Campbell and through the books which were secured from the wreck will be able to build up circumstantial cases. even with the papers absent. Through the evidence of clerks he hopes to be able to establish the identity of every "inside" depositor and director who withdrew his money on the day of the suspension, before and after the bank closed Some of these men are amenable to the law. According to a statement secured from a clerk a prominent city official withdrew $30,000 from the bank after the doors closed t and a false entry was made on the books to conceal the faot. Gow May Accuse Others. Martin W. Littleton. counsel for WillAsm Gow in & proceeding in the Kings h County Supreme Court to-day looking u to the removal of Gow's picture from the Rogues' Gallery, intimated that Gow 11 is not disposed to stand for everything p In his own defense he appears to be determined to drag in other directors F the bank. of 11 Mr. Littleton in his argument made t pointed references to "Honest Bill" Hurley. one of the directors, who has been working night and day since the close of the bank to make up the deg Sciency created by the crooked methods b employed by the officers of the institun tion. It is apparent that Gow will give G the lie to some of the directors who P have maintained that they knew nothing about the the crooked work that was going on. a The directors of the Jenkins Trust R Company are working valiantly to keep 11 the Institution from a permanent receivership. They assort that the directO a ors are willing to leave their money in K the bank for one year If the depositors will agree to limit their withdrawals to 10 per cent. of the total. should the bank be allowed to reopen. The depositors, however. are anxious to know what the Jenkins family in goins to do about repaying the great sums of money borrowed from the Jenkins Trust Company to further various schemes. /
7.February 4, 1908The Star and Newark AdvertiserNewark, NJ
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BROOKLYN BANK REOPENS. WASHINGTON, Feb. 4.-The comptroller today made the following announcement of the reopening of the First National Bank, of Brooklyn: "The First National Bank, of Brooklyn, N. Y., which suspended and was placed in the hands of Received John W. Schofield. October 25, 1907, having complied with all the conditions imposed by the comptroller of the currency, the receiver has been instructed by the comptroller to turn over the assets to the directors and to permit the bank to reopen its doors for business on Monday morning, February 10, 1908, with the following board of directors: Marshall S. Driggs, Moses May, John J. Cooney, Joseph Hubes, Samuel H. Coombs, Theodore F. Jackson, John W. Weber, Mortimer L. Reynolds. "The comptroller states that the bank will resume in a thoroughly solvent condition, with cash on hand and available sufficient to meet all demands."
8.February 5, 1908New-York TribuneNew York, NY
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FIRST NATIONAL MAY RESUME. Brooklyn Bank Receives Permission from Controller to Reopen on February 10. Washington Feb. 4. -The Controller of the Currency granted permission to-day to the First No. tional Bank of Brooklyn to resume business on Monday, February 10. making the following announcement: The First National Bank of Brooklyn, New York, which suspended and was placed in the hands of Receiver John W. Schefield. on October 25, 1907. baving complied with all the conditions imposed by the Controller of the Currency. the receiver has been instructed by the Controller to turn over the assets to the directors and to permit the bank to reopen its doors for business on Monday morning, February 10, 1908, with the following board of directors: Marshall S. Driggs, Moses May, John J. Cooney, Joseph Huber, Samuel H. Coombs, Theodore F. Jackson, John W. Weber, Mortimer L. Reynolds. The Controller states that the bank will resume in a thoroughly solvent condition with cash on hand and available sufficient to meet all demands.
9.February 10, 1908Evening Times-RepublicanMarshalltown, IA
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BANK RE-OPENS. Business Begins at Brooklyn First National, With Deficiency Made Good. New York, Feb. 10.-The First National bank of Brooklyn, which closed Oct. 21 last, was re-opened for business today. The deficiency of $165,000 which existed when the bank suspended, has been made good by the stockholders.
10.February 10, 1908The Star and Newark AdvertiserNewark, NJ
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BROOKLYN BANK REOPENED. NEW YORK, Feb. 10.-The First National Bank of Brooklyn which closed on October 25 last reopened for business today. Since its closing the bank has been in the hands of John W. Schofield as receiver. A deficiency of $165,000, which existed when the bank suspendod, has been made good by the stockholders.
11.February 10, 1908Rock Island ArgusRock Island, IL
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Brooklyn National Reopens. New York, Feb. 10.-The First National bank of Brooklyn, which closed Oct. 21 last, reopened for business today. The deficiency of $165,000, which existed when the bank suspended, was made good by stockholders.
12.February 11, 1908New-York TribuneNew York, NY
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FIRST NATIONAL BANK OPENS. After being closed for more than three months, the First National Bank, Broadway and Kent avenues, Williamsburg. reopened yesterday morning. It closed on October 25, when it was forced into the hands of a receiver. There were few withdrawals made yesterday, and the officers and directors expressed themselves as much gratified over the attitude of the institution's depositors. Robert Schofield, the receiver, has turned into cash a large portion of the assets. While no confirmation could be obtained, it was said that Joseph Huber, of the Otte Huber Brewing Company, would be elected president, to succeed John G. Jenkins, sr. There will be a meeting of the directors and stockholders to-day.
13.February 11, 1908The Montgomery AdvertiserMontgomery, AL
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Brooklyn Bank Reopens. New York, Feb. 10.-The First National of Brooklyn, which closed on October 25, last, reopened for business today. Since the closing of the bank it was in the hands of John W. Schofield, a receiver. A deficiency of $165,000 which existed when the bank suspended has been made good by the stockholders.
BRIEF BITS OF NEWS. A sleet storm in the vicinity of Atlanta, Ga., has caused that city to be entirely isolated so far as wire communication is concerned. About 500 union plumbers struck at St. Louis because of the enforcement of new rules of the Master Plumbers' association reducing wages from $5.70 to $5 a day. The First National bank of Brooklyn, which closed on Oct. 25 last, has reopened for business. A deficiency of $165,000 which existed when the bank suspended has been made good by the stockholders.
15.February 11, 1908The Birmingham Age-HeraldBirmingham, AL
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Bank is Reopened. New York, February 10.-The First National bank of Brooklyn, which closed on October 25, last, reopened for business today. Since the closing of the bank it has been in the hands of John W. Schofield, a receiver. A deficiency of $165,000 which existed when the bank suspended, has been made good by the stockholders.
16.February 13, 1908The Globe-RepublicanDodge City, KS
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A Brooklyn Bank Resumes. New York, Feb. 11.-The First National bank of Brooklyn, which closed on October 25 last, reopened for business Monday. Since its closing the bank has been in the hands of John W. Schofield as receiver. A deficiency of $165,000, which existed when the bank suspended, has been made good by the stockholders.
17.February 13, 1908The Mena Weekly StarMena, AR
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A Brooklyn Bank Resumes. New York, Feb. 11.-The First National bank of Brooklyn, which closed on October 25 last, reopened for business Monday. Since its closing the bank has been in the hands of John W. Schofield as receiver. A deficiency of $165,000, which existed when the bank suspended, has been made good by the stockholders.
18.February 14, 1908Watertown Weekly LeaderWatertown, WI
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BANK IS OPEN AGAIN. First National of Brooklyn Resumes Business. NEW YORK, Feb. 10.-The First National Bank of Brooklyn, which closed on October 25, reopened for business today. A deficiency of $165,000, which existed when the bank suspended, has been made good by the stockholders.
PANIC-MAKING BANKS EXPELLED. Official announcement was made by the New York Clearing House Association last week that the banks which had failed because of mismanagement had been expelled from the association. This is the formal and official stigma which the clearing house association has put upon the financial institutions which brought about the panic of last fall, and it is an incontrovertible evidence as to what did cause the panic. Trust companies, like the Knickerbocker for instance, had never been admitted to membership in the association, so they, of course, could not be expelled. The president of the Knickerbocker confessed his pait in the disaster by committing suicide. Some others followed his example, and still others are under indictment. But the banks, properly speaking, were for the most part members of the clearing house association and came under its disciplinary jurisdiction. Such membership is a coveted asset and thepunishmenti is as severe as could be inflicted upon the institutions as such. So the official announcement goes out to the world that the following banks are no longer members of the New York Clearing House Association: National Bank of North America. Oriental bank. Mechanics' and Traders' bank. New Amsterdam National bank. First National Bank of Brooklyn. There is something pathetic in this announcement to those who are familiar with financial history in New York. More than one of these institutions long enjoyed an honored name. That is why they were able to catch so many thousand depositors when corrupt speculators got control of them and used the funds for their own unrighteous purposes. That is why confidence was shaken to its very foundations when the crash came and people began to clamor for their money. It is eloquent testimony as to the real causes of the panic, and it is idle for vicious partisanship and perverse selfinterest to seek to place the blame where it does not belong.
20.June 14, 1912The Detroit TimesDetroit, MI
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GOVERNMENT'S MONEY STOPPED PANIC IN 1907 George B. Cortelyou Tells How $25,000,000 Was Loaned To J. P. Morgan NEW YORK, June 13.-Testifying today before the Pujo congressional committee. which is investigating the money trust, George B. Cortelyou, who was secretary of the treasury at the time of the 1907 panic, told how the government loaned J. Pierpont Morgan the $25,000,000 which Morgan in turn loaned to banks and thus broke the panic on Oct. 24, 1907, sending call money down from 125 to 6 per cent. It was the first time that the details of how the treasury came to the rescue of the stock exchange was ever told by an authority as high as the ex-treasurer, and the brokers and spectators who packed the room listened with breathless interest as the real inside story was unfolded. Cortelyou said that he came to New York on Oct. 22, 1907, to investigate conditions, that night held a conference at the Hotel Manhattan with Morgan, Perkins, Vanderlip, Cannon, Hepburn, Stillman and other bankers. He denied that he had told them of his coming, but explained that Hamilton Fish, then sub-treasurer in New York, knew of Cortelyou's intended visit and informed him that the Morgan party would like to confer with him. At that time he obtained from each financier, he said, his views on the situation, but did not make any specific promise of aid from the government. There was no formal conference the next day, Cortelyou asserted, but he believed he talked to Morgan and Perkins again that night. As the result of these conferences, Cortelyou said he decided to advise the government to give relief and recommended that $25,000,000 be loaned for the purpose. The money was deposited with several New York banks the next day: Cortelyou said that Morgan represented no particular bank in the panic conferences, but was the "leading spirit among the business men seeking to relieve the situation. The witness admitted that he knew the $25,000,000 was loaned to New York banks under the direct supervision of Morgan. Asked what banks got the money, Cortelyou said he did not know but thought they were "such banks as the National Bank of Commerce, Hanover National, National City and First National. Job Printing Done Right. Times Printing Co., 15 John R.-st.
Bank runs are almost always and everywhere a deterioration of bank fundamentals.
But not for you.
You are the measure-zero exception: great fundamentals, solid bank, and yet the Diamond Dybvig fairy spread its rumor. Depositors woke up. Your collateral was not prepositioned. The Clearinghouse had it for you.
Do not pass Go. Do not collect $200. Go directly to jail… or worse.
