Bank of Durham (Durham, NC)

Episode Information

Episode UID
9306493491067
Episode Type
Suspension → Closure
Bank Type
state
Bank ID
930649349 hash
Start Date
November 15, 1888
Location
Durham, North Carolina (35.994, -78.899)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
4e78da18a10b377f

Response Measures

None

Description

Bank made an assignment to trustees (assignees) rather than a temporary holiday; depositors reported secured.

Events (2)
1. November 15, 1888 Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
The failing bank has made an assignment to Messrs. W. S. Haliburton, cashier, and V. Ballard, business agent of W. T. Blackwell.
Source
newspapers
2. November 15, 1888 Suspension
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Heavy line of discounts at Northern banks could not be renewed; lack of ready money forced assignment and suspension.
Newspaper Excerpt
the announcement of the assignment of the Bank of Durham ... The doors of the bank remained closed ... stating that all creditors would be paid dollar for dollar.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (21)
1. November 16, 1888 New-York Tribune New York, NY
Article from New-York Tribune, November 16, 1888

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A FINANCIAL CRASH AT DURHAM, N. C. ASSIGNMENT OF THE BANK OF DURHAM AND SEVERAL BUSINESS FIRMS-LIABILI TIES, $1,000,000. Raleigh, N. C., Nov. 15 (Special).-A sensation was caused to-day by the announcement of the assignment of the Bank of Durham, owned and controlled by W. T. Blackwell, the manufacturer of the "Durham Bull" smoking tobacco. The assignment of the bank caused the assignment of a half-dozen of the leading business firms of Durham, and created a general panic. Blackwell is one of the wealthiest men in the State, and some years ago sold out his tobacco interests and embarked in an extensive private banking scheme. The bank was supposed to be one of the most prosperous in the State, and the announcement of its assignment comes like a thunder-bolt. The liabilities of the bank are estimated at $400,000, but will probably exceed that sum. The assets are not known, but it is thought they will about cover the liabilities. Other assignments were announced simultaneously with the bank's, as follows: E. J. Parish, manufacturer of tobacco, $190,000; J. W. Blackwell, coal, $110,000; W. F. Ellis, dry-goods, $23,000; Muse & Shaw ,dry-goods, $10,000; Robbins & Stone, dry-goods, $8,000. The assets of none of these firms are as yet ascertained. The total liabilities of all the concerns which have made assignments are estimated at over $1,000,000. The assignment of the bank is attributed to its having loaned money largely, and its inability to renew heavy discounts at the North.

2. November 16, 1888 Richmond Dispatch Richmond, VA
Article from Richmond Dispatch, November 16, 1888

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ham, $80,000. W. F. Ellis, Muse & Shaw. and Robbins & Stone, three of our largest dry goods firms, also assigned. Ellis's liabilities are $20,000; assets, $25,000. Muse & Shaw's liabilities are $12,000; assets, $15,000. Robbins & Stone's liabilities are $10,000; assets, $12,000. The liabilities of the three firstmentioned are not ascertainable, but will probably aggregate $500,000. All the depositors in the Bank of Durbam are secured, and the other banks are doing business as though ho crash had come.

3. November 16, 1888 Evening Star Washington, DC
Article from Evening Star, November 16, 1888

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Financial Crash at Durham. BLACKWELL'S BANK OF DURHAM AND SEVERAL BUSINESS HOUSES GO UNDER. North Carolina financial circles were startled yesterday by the announcement of the failure of the Bank of Durham and several business houses in that town as follows: Bank of Durham, owned by W. T. Blackwell, liabilities estimated at $400,000; estimated assets, upward of $800,000. E. J. Parrish, manufacturer of smoking tobacco, liabilities, $190,000; estimated assets, $300,000. J. W. Blackwell. coal dealer, contractor, &c., liabilities $11,000; W. F. Ellis, dry goods, $23,000; Muse & Shaw, dry goods, $10,000; Robbins & Stone, dry goods, $8,000. The bank went under because of a heavy line of discounts at the north which it could not get renewed. It is stated that Blackwell will be able to pay all creditors in full. There has been no run on other Durham banks, all of which assure the public that they are ready to meet all demands. All the houses involved. it is thought, will be able to pay their liabilities in full, and will resume business at an early day. A Raleigh dispatch says no house there is affected. A Durham special to the Baltimere Sun, speaking of the causes of the crash, says that: "Col. Blackwell was too lenient and carried his loans over and over rather than push his friends."

4. November 19, 1888 The Daily Times Richmond, VA
Article from The Daily Times, November 19, 1888

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A MILLION LIABILITIES Several Firms Carried Down by the Failure of the Bank of Darham, DURHAM, N. C, November 18.-The heavy financial crash which occurred here on the 15th instant, was followed by additional failures on the 16th, and the total estimated liabilities up to date are placed at $1,000,000. Neither the Bank of Durham nor any of the failing houses have as yet published their schedule of liabilities and assets. The Bank of Durham's New York corres pondents are the Park National and Fourth National Bauks. Seven firms were forced to suspend on account of the bank's assignment. Mr. W. T. Blackwell, President of the bank, is the founder of the famous Blackwell's bull Durham smoking tobacco. About six years ago he sold his entire interest in the smoking tobacco firm, and went into the banking business. He is a very liberal-hearted man, and giving too much indulgence to his patrons forced \im to suspend. The exact amount owing to New York banks cannot be ascertained at present. All of the depositors are secured in the assignment, and will be paid in full. W. T. Blackwell is one of the largest real estate owners in the town, the tax valuation of his property being place lat $300,000. This goes into the assets of the bank, and will secure all creditors, and it is expected that everybody will be paid in full. The assignees of the different firms held a meeting and decided not to force any goods upon the market below its value or any property below cost. A committee will be sent to confer with New York creditors and come to terms of settlement, if possible.

5. November 21, 1888 Connecticut Western News North Canaan, Salisbury, Canaan, CT
Article from Connecticut Western News, November 21, 1888

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A Heavy Bank Failure. A sensation was caused by the annonise ment of an assignment by the Bank of Durham, North Carolina owned and controled by W. T. Blackwell. The assignment caused a great crash in financial circles resulting in assignments by five leading concerns of the place, and causing a general panic. The bank was supposed to be one of the most prosperous in the State. The liabilities areestimated at $400,000, but will probably exceed that sum. The assets are not known, but it is thought will about cover the liabilities. The total liabilities of all the concerns which have assigned are estimated at over $1,000,000. Theassignment of the bank is attributed to its having lent money largely, and having had heavy discounts at the north which it was unable to renew.

6. November 22, 1888 The Iowa Plain Dealer Cresco, New Oregon, IA
Article from The Iowa Plain Dealer, November 22, 1888

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A CRASH IN THE SOUTH. several Large Concerns at Durham, N. C., Suspend-Total Liabilities of Over $800,000-The Closing of the Doors of the Bank of Durham, Owned by W. T. Blackwell. Precipitates the Trouble -Great Excitement. RALEIGH, N. C., Nov. 16.-The Bank of Durham failed Thursday. A card said that all depositors would be paid dollar for dollar. Others are involved. The um embraced in the day's disasters is a round million, and the firms affected were among the largest in the city. The Bank of Durham, which involved the fortune of all the others, was owned by W. T. Blackwell. Its liabilities are $400,000. The bank was operated on a cash capital of $50,000, but Mr. Blackwell's personal signature is good for $1,000,000. He owns vast quantities of valnable tobacco lands. Several days ago Mr. Blackwell began to experience difficulty in getting his paper in Northern banks renewed, and Wednesday affairs reached that crisis where he was compelled to close up. The real estate at command of the bank was officially stated last June to be $373,000. The last semi-annual statement of the bank showed rediscounted papers amounting to $302,000 and loans amounting to $499.000. $212,000 of which was secured by individual notes without indorsements. The suspension of the bank also brought about that of E. J. Parish, the tobacco warehouse man, who is one of the heaviest dealers in the State. The amount for which Mr. Parish is held is $190,000. He is worth over $300,000. He is a large manu. facturer of smoking tobacco and his suspension affects a large number of employes, who are now thrown out of work, and who will experience much suffering unless the factory should start up again. The Lockhart factory is involved for $120,000, with assets nearly equal. The next to go was J. W. Blackwell, whose liabilities are $110,000. The others are: W. J. Ellis, liabilities $23,000; Muse & Shaw, $10,000; Robins & Stone, $8,000. Intense excitement prevailed upon the announcement of so many failures, and wild rumors were in circulation involving many other names. The bank's depositors will lose nothing, as the parties are all wealthy and if given time will be able to liquidate without less to creditors. The greatest danger to the community comes from the crippling of the tobacco factories in which so many are engaged. The year's business will be lost and the employes will have to scatter broadcast in search of employment. It is the greatest financial crash known in the history of the State. Capitalists profess that the disaster has wrought its worst and that no other failure need be looked for, but the bank and the tobacco warehouses did such extensive business throughout the country that fears are entertained for many of the customers.

7. November 22, 1888 River Falls Journal River Falls, WI
Article from River Falls Journal, November 22, 1888

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A CRASH IN THE SOUTH: Several Large Concerns at Durham. N. C., Suspend-Total Liabilities of Over $800,000-The Closing of the Doors of the Bank of Durham, Owned by W. T. Blackwell, Precipitates the Trouble -Great Excitement. RALEIGH, N. C., Nov. 6.-The Bank of Durham failed Thursday. A card said that all depositors would be paid dollar for dollar. Others are involved. The sum embraced in the day's disasters is a round million, and the firms affected were among the largest in the city. The B nk of Durham, which involved the fortune of all the others, was owned by W. T. Blackwell. Its liabilities are (400,000. The bank was operated on a cash capital of $50,000, but Mr. Blackwell's personal signature is good for $1,000,000. He owns vast quantities of valuable tobacco lands. Several days ago Mr. Blackwell began to experience diffculty in getting his paper in Northern banks renewed, and Wednesday affairs re ched that crisis where he was compelle to close up. The real estate at command of the bank was officially stated last June to be $373,000. The last semi-annual statement of the bauk showed rediscounted papers amounting to $302,000 and loans amounting to $499.000, $212,000 of which was secured by individual notes without indorsements. The suspension of the bank also brought about that of E. J. Parish, the tobacco warehouse man, who is one of the heaviest dealers in the State. The amount for which Mr. Parish is held is $190,000. He is worth over $300,000. He is a large manu. facturer of smoking tobacco and his suspension affects a large number of employes, who are now thrown out of work, and who will experience much suffering unless the factory should start up again. The Lockhart factory is involved for $120.000, with assets nearly equal. The next to go was J. W. Blackwell, whose liabilities are . 110,000. The others are: W. J. Ellis, liabilities $23,000; Muse & Shaw, $10,000; Robins & Stone, $8,000. Intense excitement prevailed upon the announcement of so many failures, and wild rumors were in circulation involving many other names The bank's depositors will lose nothing, as the parties are all wealthy and if given time will be able to E:quidate without less to creditors. The greate.t danger to the community comes from the crippling of the tobacco factories in which so many are engaged. The year's business will be lost and the employes will have to scatter broadcast in search of employment. It is the gre. test financial crash known in the history of the State. Capitalists profess that the disastor has wrought its worst and that no other failure need be looked for, but the bank and the tobacco warehouses did such extensive business throughout the country that fears are entertained for many of the customers.

8. November 22, 1888 The Newberry Herald and News Newberry, SC
Article from The Newberry Herald and News, November 22, 1888

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A COMMERCIAL CLASH. Several Large Concerns of Dusham, N.C., . Go Down Togethe RALEIGH, N. C., Nov. 15. - Blackwell's Bank at Durham, which has been-in financial strails for some time, has closed its doors. A number cf business houses of the town are invo ved- in the disaster, and made a signments today. The Bank of Durham made an assignment last night, but it was not made public until this morning. The list or failures is as follows: Bank of Durham, State bank, owned by W. T. Blackwell, liabilities estimated at $400,000, estimated assets upwards of $800,000; E. J. Parrish, warehouse man and manufacturer of smoking tobacco, liabilities $190,000, estimated assets $300,000; J. W. Blackwell, coal deaier, contractor, etc., liabilities $110,000; W. J. Ellis, dry goods, $23,000, Muse & Shaw, dry goods, $10,000; Robbins & Stone, dry goods, $8,000. It is believed in every instance the assets will more than cover the liabilities. The immediate cause of the assignment of the bank is the fact that the institution had a heavy line of discounts at the North which it could not get renewed. It is stated that Blackwell will be able to pay all creditors in full. The doors of the bank remained closed this morning, a notice being placed thereon stating that all creditors would be paid dollar for dollar. There has been no run on the other Durham banks, all of which assure the public that they are ready to meet all demands.

9. November 22, 1888 The Western Sentinel Winston-Salem, NC
Article from The Western Sentinel, November 22, 1888

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THEDURHAM BANK CRASH. Durham always does things on a grand scale, failures not excepted. Last week her business men made the the largest assignments ever made in the State. All North Carolina was surprised to hear that W. T. Blackwell, the* founder of the mammoth smoking tobacco factory had failed, carrying several other business houses with him. From the best information to be ob tained, the following synopsis appears to be reliable: The Bank of Durham, of which Col. W. T. Blackwel was the hief owner, has estimated liabilities of about $400,000. As an offset 10 this, Blackwell has, besides a large personal property, real estate the value of which is placed at $385,000, unincumbered. The lial ilities of Capt. E. J. Parrish are $100,000, and his assets are about $300,000, consisting of real estate, leaf tobacco, accounts, &c. The doors of his warehouse are open. and it is thought the business will continue without interru m. The liabilities of Mr. J. W Blackwell, coal dealer, are placed at $110,000, assets not estimated. W. F. Ellis, dry goods merchant, has liabilities placed at $23.000, assets not estimated. Muse & Shaw, dry goods merchants, liabilities supposed to be $10,000, and Robbins & Strong, also dry goods merchants, have liabilitie amounting to $8,000 Following immediately after these failures the next day J. L. Markham, merchant, failed for $90,000 and Mrs. B Davis, tailoress, for about $2,000. Mr. Markham's failure was brought on by giving his accommodation pa per to the Bank of Durham for about $30,000 which falls due in about 90 days. In this collapse Durham has suffered much and THE SENTINEL, in common with thousands regrets it but Durham can't be downed. The men who built the city had pluck and it will not desert them in their peril. The following expressions from the Durham papers and people show their spirit and convince us that Durham will rise from the crash stronger than ever. The Plant says: While Durham has seen some trying days,, no people anywhere ever behaved better, Such conduct cannot be duplicated. Stand together, gentlemen; be calm, be quiet, be cool, and everything will work out right.) The Recorder says: Durham will be able to pay "100 cents in every $1,00." The crash came and a temoraly suspension of the business of certain perties was caused. But it willbe only a I+W days qefore everything will be running like greased lightning. Mr. W. T. Blackwell says: "I have enough and more than enough to pay my debts and I will soon give Dur. ham a bigger, a stronger and a better 1 bank than she has ever had." Mr. J.S. Carr says: "All that I have or command shall go to mainin tain the credit of Durham." b

10. November 23, 1888 Shepherdstown Register Shepherdstown, WV
Article from Shepherdstown Register, November 23, 1888

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The Bank of Durham, at Durham, N. C., suspended payment last week, and six large business houses were so affected by the failure that they were obliged to make assignments. There is much excitement in financial circles.

11. November 23, 1888 Middlebury Register Middlebury, VT
Article from Middlebury Register, November 23, 1888

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mg. Keely of motor fame has gone to jail of rather than disclose the alleged secret his motor. New Hampshire Christian Endeavor societies held their annual meeting Thursday at Nashua. The Cunarder Etruria, which arrived the at New York on Sunday, had one of roughest passages in her history. The statue of the late William H. Seward was unveiled at Auburn Friday. Senator Evarts made the address. This year's mackerel catch by the Gloucester fleet is the smallest for fifty years. It was less than half that of last season. The order to shut down simultaneousthe flour mills in the Northwest sug- of a gests ly the possibility of the formation flour trust. Stephen Anthony, a respected citizen of Wallingford, Conn., was murdered Friday evening by his worthless son-inlaw, Solon C. Jenkins. The bank of Durham, at Durham, North Carolina, has suspended, and The has carried down several large concerns. liabilities will foot up $718,000. The suit of the Catholics of Janesville, Wis., to prevent the reading of the Protestant Bible in the public schools has been decided against them by Judge Bennett. Master Workman Powderly, in his annual the past year report says the has nineteen been the most discouraging in years of the existence of the Knights of Labor. Miss Mehitable White, 64 years old, who lived on a large farm in North Braintree, Mass., was murdered Saturday evening. The only person on the premises was a farm hand, who has disappeared, and is suspected of the crime. Judge Blodgett of Chicago has denied the petition of the American Cushman Telephone company for a rehearing of its case against the American Bell Telephone company. The case will now go to the United States Supreme court on appeal. Durkin of Erie, Pa., burned out and his eyes Patrick face had his horribly both wife Monday evening, by a teacupful of vitrol in dashing disfigured his face at the tea table. Mrs. Durkin is thought to be insane. Durkin will probably die. The Irish-American protectionists celethe night. brated York Monday Republican Patrick victory Ford at New preand ex-Gov. Alger of Michigan, Edward Patrick sided, Egan, O'Meagher took Con- part don, David Healy and others in the jubilations. George W. Leeser of Pottsville, Pa., been in attendance at with an soap, who einnatiexposition has exhibit the of Cin$3000 in money Saturday too to in a bank. late received deposit the He night carried exhi- it on his person. and during it at a place. bited drinking sandbagged Some time and after, midnight he was robbed of $2500. A boiler exploded at the Boston-Monworks at Meadville, afternoon, tana Mont., consolidated Monday W. killing Connor, M. G. Edmunds, engineer, O. carJack kramel, pipe and penter, Winters, laborer, fatally fitter, injuring Henry HeckRichard Wing, machinist, George man, pipe fitter, John Eustis, carpenter, and Foreman Hank Pickering. Daniels of 103 Mrs. heard Sands noise street, in thought she a the part of her Brooklyn, upper house who Monday night, and went up to see was there. She found a young man who had admitted himself with false keys, and grabbed h him. He wriggled and tried to from her grasp, while her ran held twist himself him daughter 2d but out and she brought an officer from the precinct station-house. A dispatch from Bismarck, Dak., says the on the are now anxious to acIndians becoming Sioux reservation form the of Gen. rehe will soon quaintance alize that Harrison. become the They "Great Father," and they want to meet him and their claims proof the posed present opening regarding reservation. the They visit him before and the will be ed, want to agents he unless greatly is inaugurat- their annoyed by their importunities request is granted. The famous Doris mansion at St. Louis, Mo., was burned Monday morning. The structure cost about $100,000, but was for more than of that The was not insured amount. mansion one-fourth erected by the late Gen. Doris for a homestead and remained in the possession of the family until the tragedy of six years ago, a assisted by Gen. when Doris, Russell Brown, smothered grandson Pat McGlew, of Mrs. Chicago bar-tender, his granddeath in to secure some and to a money mother to jewelry order continue debauch. The youthful murderers were convicted

12. November 24, 1888 Charlotte Messenger Charlotte, NC
Article from Charlotte Messenger, November 24, 1888

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THE DURHAM FAILURES. -Many of the Leading Business Houses Assign -- The Want of Ready Money the Gause. / Thursday morning of last week all Durham was taken aback upon reading a notice postod upon the doors of the Bank of Durham stating that Mr. W. T. Blackwell, the proprietor, had made an assignment. Soon it was ascertained that Capt E J Parrish, Mr J W Blackwell, Messrs. Muse and Shaw, Mr W F Ellis and Messrs. Robbins & Stone had also made assignments. The failures were not due to the lack of assets but to the want of ready money to meet pressing demands. W T Blackwell assigns to V Ballard and W S Halliburton. E J Parrish assigns to W W Fuller and J M Whitted and conveys all his available property. W F Ellis, dealer in dry goods, assigns to W S Halliburton. Charles Robbins and W H IStone, composing the firm of Robbins & Stone, dealers in dry goods, assigned to Lucius Tilley. J W Blackwell assigned to SE Watts and J M W Hicks. He conveys all his personal property and twenty tracts or lots of land. Another big failure is reported. John L Markham, a leading wholesale merchant, assigned for $90,000. The failure was caused mainly by Markham giving accommodation paper to the Bank of Durham, which assigned Thursday, amounting to $30,000, and wl ich due in about 90 days. A few other assignments are anticipated, and these with the six reported, will probably swell the liabili ties to $1,500,000.

13. November 28, 1888 The Durham Recorder Durham, Hillsboro, NC
Article from The Durham Recorder, November 28, 1888

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Durham Herself Again. So far as we can see and judge today, Durham is herself again. The financial shock shook her up but matters have settled down and now business is going on as usual. The business of the town has never suspended; not for a single day. The gentlemen who were affected by the assignments closed up until matters could be straighened out. Their stores areopening again. The Bank of Durham is closed until a proper adjustment of its affairs can be reached. The other three banks have been open all the time and supplying our people with all the mone , they needed. Foreign capital has poured into Durham, thus attesting the confidence friends have in the place and our people. Tobacco is bringing better prices than it has for some months past. and it is being sold at our two warehouses every day. Gentlemen have been here desiring to invest in Durham real estate since the failures. They have faith in the future of Durbam. Our people have faith in our town and they are displaying it every day. Durham may be said to be herself again. We now go on to greater achievements. Onward is the watchword, with a united community to overcome all obstacles and difficulties.

14. November 30, 1888 Fisherman & Farmer Elizabeth City, Edenton, NC
Article from Fisherman & Farmer, November 30, 1888

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A FINANCIAL CRASH. A Durham (N. C.,) Bank and Six Firms Fail for $1,000,000. The largest failure ever recorded in the State of North Carolina, has just occurred at Durham, and it threw the whole town into the wildest kind of excitement. It was the failure of the Bank of Durham, a State bank, owned by W. T. Blackwell. People were standing in groups at all parts of the town discussing the financial situation and the wildest kind of reports could be heard. Business for the day among merchants was paralyzed. The failing bank has made an assignment to Messrs. W. S. Haliburton, cashier, and V. Ballard, business agent of W. T. Blackwell. The liabilities are estimated at about $500,000. The banker is the founder of the famous Blackwell's Durham bull smoking tobacco, and has always been very liberal and enterprising. On account of the Bank of Durham making an assignment six firms had to suspend, and all made assignments, excepting one. They are as follows: W. F. Ellis, drygoods; amount of liabilities estimated, $25,000; preferred, $15,000; Robbins & Stone, general merchandise; estimated liabilities, $16,000; Muse & Shaw, dry goods; estimated liabilities $25,000; James W. Blackwell and wife, real estate dealers and manufacturers, estimated liabilities, $150,000; J. Parrish, leaf tobacco dealer, estimated liabilities, $200,000; Mr. J. S. Lockhart, leaf tobacco dealer, has made a deed of trust to Mr. J. S. Carr, securing him for $75,000. Mr. W. W. Fuller, attorney for some of the largest failures, estimates the liabilities at from $850,000 to $1,000,000.

15. December 1, 1888 The Sully County Watchman Onida, Clifton, SD
Article from The Sully County Watchman, December 1, 1888

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FIRES AND CASUALTIES. THE New York Central Railroad switchmen at Albany are on a strike for an increase from $40 to $45 per month. THE Bank of Durham, N. C., has suspended. Liabilities, $400,000; estimated assets, $800,000. FIVE men were drowned by the capsizing of a pilot-boat at Nassau, N. B., recently. PROFESSOR PROCTOR'S son died at St. Joe, Mo., from yellow fever. He had just arrived there from Florida. THE two children of Joseph Broadman, of Sandusky, O., were burned to death while their mother was out milking. WEED & Co., Black River Falls, Wis., lost 3,000,000 feet of lumber Tuesday night by an incendiary fire. The loss was $40,000. ATa meeting of coal operatorsi Pittsburg it was decided to shut down all the mines along the Monongaheta river for an indefinite period. This will throw 7,000 men out of employ ment. THE Des Moine River Land company, it is reported, is preparing to eject the settlers aroun dFort Dodge, Iowa. Such action would cause wholesale suffering. FIRE at Plainfield, III., early Wednesday morning, destroyed Evarts' bank and half a dozen stores, at a loss of $257,000; nearly covered by insurance. By the wrecking of a passenger train on the Baltimore and Ohio road, near Valley Falls, W. Va., seven men, including two tramps who were stealing a ride, were killed. THE churches, sunday schools and public schools in Jamestown, Dakota, have been closed on account of an epidemic of scarlet fever. DAVID, Philip and Isaac Street, of Easton, Pa., were passenger engineers on the Lehigh road. David was killed in A wreck. Philip was insane on his engine and died in the asylum and Monday Isaac was feund dead in bed. PITTSBURG.-Five hundred puddlers at the Jones & Laughlin American iron works struck Thursday morning against a change in the working hours made necessary by a searcity of natural gas during the day. Too MORE deaths from diphtheria were reported at Waterloo, la., Saturday. Five deaths have resulted thus far. The town officials have issued a quarantine proclation closing indefinitely all the schools, churches and Sunday schools.

16. December 5, 1888 The Abbeville Press and Banner Abbeville, SC
Article from The Abbeville Press and Banner, December 5, 1888

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A FINANCIAL CRASH. A Durham (N. C., Bank and Six Firms Fail for $1,000,000. The largest failure ever recorded in the State of North Carolina, has just occurred at Durham, and it threw the whole town into the wildest kind of excitement. It was the failure of the Bank of Durbam, a State bank, owned by W. T. Biackwell. People were standing in groups at all parts of the town discussing the financial situation and the wildest kind of reports could be heard. Business for the day among merchants was paralyzed. The failing bank has made an assignment to Messrs. W. S. Haliburton, cashier, and V. Ballard, business agent of W. T. Blackwell. The liabilities are estimated at about $500,000. The banker is the founder of the famous Blackwell's Durham bull smoking tobacco, and has always been very liberal and enterprising. On account of the Bank of Durham makng an assignment six firms had to suspend, and all made assignments, excepting one. They are as follows: W. F. Hillis. drygoods; amount of liabilities estimated, $25,000; preferred, $15,000; Robbins & Stone, general merchandise; estimated liabilities, $16,000; Muse & Shaw, drv goods; estimated liabilities $25,000: James W. Blackwell and wife, real estate dealers and manufacturers, estimated liabilities, $150,000; J. Parrish, leaf tobacco dealer, estimated liabilities, $200,000; Mr. J. S. Lockhart, leaf tobacco dealer, has made a deed of trust to Mr. J. S. Carr. securing him for $75,000. Mr. W. W. Fuller. attorney for some of the largest failures, estimates the liabilities at from $850,000 to $1,000,000.

17. December 31, 1888 Evening Capital Annapolis, MD
Article from Evening Capital, December 31, 1888

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A YEAR'S RECORD. (Co. tinued From First Page.) Cincinnati Exhibition by electricity Wm 1. Flack lost his life trying to aavigate the vehirlpool rapids Niagara 9. Col Thos L Casey made chief of engineers of the army 13 More than 500 killed by volcanic eruptions in Japan 17. Hronek, Chebouth. and Chapek, three Boheminn Anarchists, arrested in Chicago, charged with conspiracy to burn the city. AUGUST 1. Blinky Morgan hanged in Columbus, O. Twenty-one lives lost in a fire on the Bowery, New York 4. Terrible tornado in Cuba Heavy loss of life. 9. Yellow fever well under way at Jacksonville, Fla. 10. Ten persons burned to death at Chattanooga, Tenn. Hugh M. Brooks, alias Maxwell, hanged at St Louis 14. Woman suffrage declared unconstitutional in Wyoming 10. Collisian of steamers Geyser and Thingvalla More than 100 lives lost 21. Bill Miles anti- Bald Knobber, shoots and kills Capt. N. Kinney. Bald Knobber chief, at Ozark, Mo Severe storms on the gulf and Atlantic coasts 22. Gigantic opium smuggling scheme unearthed. Frank Gardner and other guilty parties af ter ward convicted and imprisoned. Thirty-four lives lost in steamer collision in San Francisco bay 23. Fourteen killed by boller explosion at Neemah, Neb. 26. Quarantine ordered against Jacksonville, Fla. Robert Carrett reported demented. 81. Charles H. Litchman resigns general secretaryship of the Knights of Labor. SEPTEMBER 2. Battle between outlaws and vigilantes near Paliadora, No Man's Land Seventeen out laws killed 8. Sarah Althea Hill jailed for three days for contempt of court. Judge Terry. her husband sent up for six months for brandishing a knife in the court room 12. Floods in Mexico. Many lives lost. 16. Disastrous floods in Georgia. 20. John G. Parkhurst of Michigan, appointed U. S. Minister to Belgium, 24. The lone highwayman of Texas killed by Mrs. Lizzie Hay 26. J.H. Oberly appointed Indian commissioner. 27. W. R. Foster, of New York, defaulter in $168,000. Old Hutch's wheat corner begun in Chicago. 28. Sioux Indians decline to accept the terms of the proposed treaty OCTOBER. 1. Traders' bank at Chicago suspended. Liabilities, $1,000,000. 2. Severe storms on the great lakes. Many lives lost 10. Seventy eight killed in a railroad collision, Mud Run, Pa. 18. H. S. Briggs of Rochester, defaulter in $14,000. 19. MeClure and Hugh Flannigan robbed of $10,000 and murdered near Wilkesbarre. Train robbery at Peru, Ind. 23. Thos Axworthy, treasurer, of Cleveland, O., defaulter in $500,000. 25. Daniel Hand, of Connecticut, gave $1,000,000 for the education of the colored people in the former slave states. 30. Lord Sackville given his passports. 27. Steamer Haytian Republic seized by the Hay tians. NOVEMBER 1. Serious trouble with oyster dredgers on Chesapeake bay 4. Sixteen killed by mine explosion at Cook's Run, Pa. 9. One hundred killed by mine explosion at Pitts burg, Kan. Thirty-seven killed by a fire it. Rochester, N. Y. 15. Marriage of Joseph Chamberlan and Miss Endicott. Failure of the bank of Durham, N. C. Liabilities $400,000. involving other failures aggregating $1,000,000. 17. Perry Belmont appointed minister to Spain. 20. A. H. Colquitt re-elected United States senator from Georgia. 23. General Master Workman Powderly of the Knights of Labor re-elected. J. E. Bedell, mortgage forger in New York, sentenced to twenty-five years and four months imprisonment 24.25.20. Terrible storm on the Atlantic coast. 27. Fisk will case decided against Cornell univer sity Jacksonville reports a clean bill of health. so. Calumet and Hecla copper mines fired by incendiaries. Treasurer Chas. G. Winchell, of Spink county, Dakota, defaulted in $100,000. DECEMBER. 5. Frank H. Bates, employed by Old Hutch, defaulted in $20,000. i. Wholesale arrests of White Cappers in Craw ford county, Ind. 9. Mob attacked the jail at Birmingham, Ala.. and attempt to lynch a murderer named Hawes The sheriff fired on the mob, killing nine ant wounding thirty 10. White Cap outrages becoming prevalent in many parts of the country Rear Admiral Luce ordered to proceed with two war ships to Hayti and demand the release of the steamer Haytian Republic. Sailed the 12th 14. Fifteen burned to death at a fire at Neumunster, Prussia. 17. Beginning of trouble between whites and ne groes in Mississippi.

18. January 2, 1889 Wood River Times Hailey, ID
Article from Wood River Times, January 2, 1889

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Train obbery at Peru, Ind. Thos. Asworthy, treasurer, il Gloveland, O., defaulter in $500,000. 25. Daniel Hand, of Connecticut, gave $1,000,000 for the education of the colored people in the former slave states. 30. Lord Sackville given his passports. 27. Steamer Haytian Republic seized by the Haytians. NOVEMBER, 1. Serious trouble with oyster dredgers on Chesapeake bay. 4. Sixteen killed by mine explosion at Cook's Run, Pa. 9. One hundred killed by mine explosion at Pittsburg, Kan. Thirty-seven killed by a fire in Rochester, N. Y 15. Marriage of Joseph Chamberlain and Miss Endicott. Failure of the bank of Durham, N. C. Liabilities $400,000, involving other failures aggregating $1,000,000. 17. Perry Belmont appointed minister to Spain. #0. A. H. Colquitt re-elected United States senator from Georgia. 23. General Master Workman Powderly of the Knights of Labor re-elected. J. E. Dedell, mortgage forger in New York, sentenced to twenty-five years and four months Imprisonment. D4, 25. 26. Terrible storm on the Atlantic coast. 27. Fisk will case decided against Cornell university. Jacksonville reports a clean bill of health. 80. Calumet and Hecla copper mines fired by incendiaries. Treasure# Chas. G. Winchell, of Spink county, Dakota, defaulted in $100,000. DECEMBER. 5. Frank H. Bates, employed by Old Hutch, defaulted in $20,000. 7 Wholesale arrests of White Cappers, in Craw ford county, Ind. 9. Mob attacked the jail at Birmingham, Ala., and attempt to lynch a murderer named Hawes. The sheriff fired on the mob, killing nine and wounding thirty. 10. White Cup outrages becoming prevalent in many parts of the country. Rear Admiral Luce ordered to proceed with two war ships to Hayti and demand the release of the steamer Haytian Republic. Sailed the 12th. 11. Fifteen burned to death at a fire at Neumunster, Prussia. 17. Beginning of trouble between whites and negroes in Mississippi.

19. January 3, 1889 The Sun Morris, MN
Article from The Sun, January 3, 1889

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versity laid at Washington. Rev. J. M. Thoburn elected bishop of India by the general Methodist conference. Exciting discussion of the negro question at the general assembly of the Presbyterian church in Philadelphia The southern assembly of the Presbyterian church decided against Dr. Woodrow and his evolution theory Destructive storms throughout the United Etates. Enermous losses. General assembly of the southern Presby terian church decided against organic union. E. D White elected senator from Louisiana. JUNE 8. White Cap outrages in Indiana. 4. Gen William B. Francklyn named commissioner of the United States to the Paris exposition: Somerville B Tuck, assistant commis sioner Eighteen killed in a railroad accident near Tampico, Mexico. Eleven burned to death at Rockdale, Tex. 6. E. L Lichtenstein, Wilmington, Del., defaulted in $83,250. 8. Steam yacht Gleam run down in the Patapsco river by steamer Joppa: M. T Harrison Gar rett. of Baltimore. drowned Rev Dr Layton Coleman made Protestant bishop of Delaware 16. Train robbery at Muscogee, LT. Train robbery near Junction City, M T. 18. Mine. and Gen Diss sentenced to the penItentiary for six months 22 Disastrous floods in Mexico Many hundreds drowned 24. Holbrook, A. T., nearly destroyed by fire. Paying Teller Pitcher, of the Union bank of Providence, R. 1., is a defaulter and fugitive. JULY 8. John F Van Loan of the Second National bank of Jersey city, defaulter in $15,000 4. Mrs. James K Polk, widow of President Polk, at Nashville, started the machinery of the Cincinnati Exhibition by electricity Wm R Flack lost his life trying to navigate the whirlpool rapids, Niagara. 9. Col. Thos L Casey made chief of engineers of the army 18 More than 500 killed by volcanic eruptions in Japan 17. Hronek. Chebouth. and Chapek, three Bohemian Anarchists, arrested in Chicago, charged with conspiracy to burn the city. AUGUST. 1 Clinky Morgan hanged in Columbus, O. Twenty lives lost in a fire on the Bowery, New York 4. Terrible tornado in Cuba. Heavy loss of life. 9. Yellow fever well under way at Jacksonville, Fla 10. Ten persons burned to death at Chattanooga Tenn. Hugh M Brooks, alias Maxwell, hanged at St. Louis. 14. Woman suffrage declared unconstitutional in Wyoming 16. Collision of steamers Geyser and Thingvalla. More than 100 lives lost. 21. Bill Miles, anti- Bald Knobber, shoots and kills Capt. N Kinney. Bald Knobber chief, at Ozark, Mo Severe storms on the gulf and Atlantic coasts. 22 Gigantic opium smuggling scheme unearthed. Frank Gardner and other guilty parties after ward convicted and imprisoned. Thirty four lives lost in steamer collision in San Francisco bay 23. Fourteen killed by boiler explosion at Neemah, Neb 26. Quarantine ordered against Jacksonville, Fla. Robert Garrett reported demented. 81. Charles H Litchman resigns general secretaryship of the Knights of Labor. SEPTEMBER. 2 Battle between outlaws and vigilantes near Palladora, No Man's Land Seventeen outlaws killed 3. Sarah Althea Hill jailed for three days for contempt of court. Judge Terry. her husband sent up for six months for brandishing a knife in the court room 12 Floods in Mexico Many lives lost. 10 Disastrous floods in Georgia. 20 John G Parkhurst of Michigan, appointed U. S. Minister to Belgium 21 The lone highwayman of Texas killed by Mrs. Lizzie Hay 23 J H Oberly appointed Indian commissioner. of W IL Foster. of New York, defaulter in $108, 000 Old Hutch's wheat corner begun in Chicago. 23 Sloux Indians decline to accept the terms of the proposed treaty OCTOBER 1 Traders' bank at Chicago suspended. Liabili ties, $1,000,000 2 Severe storms on the great lakes Many lives lost 10 Seventy-eight killed in a railroad collision, Mud Run. Pa 13 H 8 Briggs of Rochester, defaulter in $14, COO " .! B McClure and Huch Flannigan robbed of T Wilkesbarre Train robbery at Peru, Ind. 23. Thos Arworthy. treasurer, of Cleveland, O., defaulter ID $500,000 25. Daniel Hand, of Connecticut, gave $1,000,000 for the education of the colored people in the former slave states 80. Lord Sackville given his passports. 27 Steamer Haytian Republic seized by the Haytians NOVEMBER 1. Serious trouble with oyster dredgers on Ches apeake bay 4. Sixteen killed by mine explosion at Cook's Run, Pa. 9 One hundred killed by mine explosion at Pitts burg. Kan Thirty-seven killed by a fire in Rochester, N. Y 15 Marriage of Joseph Chamberlain and Miss En dicott Failure of the bank of Durham, N. C. Liabili ties $400,000. involving other failures aggre gating $1,000,000 17 Perry Belmont appointed minister to Spain. 20. A. II Colquitt re-elected United States senator from Georgia 23 General Master Workman Powderly of the Knights of Labor re-elected. J E Bedell, mortgage forger in New York. sentenced to twenty five years and four months imprisonment 1. 25. 26 Terrible storm on the Atlantic coast. : Fisk will case decided against Cornell univer sity Jacksonville reports a clean bill of health. 'D Calumet and Hecla copper mines fired by in cendiaries Treasurer Chas G Winchell. of Spink county, Dakota. defaulted in $100,000 DECEMBER 5 Frank H Bates, employed by Old Hutch, de faulted in $20,000 7 Wholesale arrests of White Cappers in Craw ford county. Ind

20. January 4, 1889 The New North-West Deer Lodge, MT
Article from The New North-West, January 4, 1889

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States consu to San Salvador 21 John II. Murphy, confidential clerk of Dr Daniel Gray of Holmesburg, Pa., defaulted in $27,000 27 Gon. Joseph E Johnston admitted to contributory membership by Gen. E D. Baker Post, 29. Ship Smyrna sunk in collision with steamer Moto off Isle of Wight. Thirteen drowned. 1. Assistant Cashier De Baun. of the Park No tional bank, New York. defaulted in $95,000 2. Ten thousand dollars stolen from registered letters near Harrisburg, Pa, 3. Fifteen banks failed Buehos Ayres P. 6. Cloud burst near Maize. Kan. causing flood which swept the house and entire family to a watery death. Explosion of carload of dynamite at Locust Gap, Pa. Eight killed. 12 Train robbery at Aguazarca. T 13. High water along the Missouri and Red rivers Several lives lost. 18. Methodist general conference created an order for charitable of deaconesses work 24 Rev John Vincent and Rev. James M. Fitz gerald made bishops by the general Methodist conference 23. Rev.J.C. Joyce made bishop by the general Methodist conference Randall L Gibson elected senator from Louisi nna. 21. Dr. John T Newman and Rev. Dr Goodsell made bishops by the general Methodist con ferene Corner stone of the new Roman Catholic uni Washington at laid versity 25 Rev J M. Thoburn elected bishop of India Methodis conference. general the by Exciting discussion the negro question nt the general assembly of the Presbyterian church Philadelphia, 20. The southern assembly of the Presbyterian church decided against Dr. Woodrow and his evolution theory 28 Destructive storms throughout the United States Enormous losses. 20 General assembly of the southern Presby terian church decide avains organic union 80. E 1) White elected senator from Louisiana NE 3 White Can outrages Indiana name William commis Francklyn 4 Gen. sioner of the States the Paris expo sition: Somerville B. Tuck, assistant commis sioner. Eighteen killed in rallroad accident near Tara Mexico pico, Eleven burned to death at Rockdate Tex de 6 Lichtenstein Wilmington, Del. faultee $38,250 8 Steam yacht Glearn run down in the Patapses river steamer Joppa: T. Harrison Garrett Baltimore drowned made Rev Layton Protestant bishop Delaware Train robbery nt Muscogee. T Train robbiery near Junction City M.T 18 Mine entences to the pen months. six itential 22 Disastro floods Mexico Many hun Ireda 21. nearly destroyed by free 25 Paying Pitcher of the Union bank of R 1. faulter and furitie 3 Second National bank faulter Polk President Mrs. 1 James of Polk K machinery the the of electricity Flack his life trying to 120 lgate Niagara rapids 9 Thos. L Casey made chief of engineers 13 killed by roleable eruptions in three Chapek. and Do Chebouth. 1 T 10. lange 1: 10 Thingvall: Hills chief. at Ozark, Atlantic coasts and 02 ter Frank parties guilty and ward in steamer ollision In San M killed by at Neemah 26 Quarantine dered against Jacksonvil Fla 31 Chocles 11. Litchman resigns general secre taryship of the Knights of Labor SEPTEMBER 2. Battle outlaws and vigilantes near Paliadora, No Man's Land Seventeen out killed 3 Sarah Althea Hill jailed for three days for Terry Judge contempt herbus band sent up for six months for brandishing court a knife 12. Gods Mexico Many lives lost. floods Georgia Disastro 10 20 John Parkhurst of Michigan, appointed U Delgium Ministert 21 The Jone highway man of Texas Hilled by Mrs Lizzie Hay 20 11. Oberly appolitie a Indian commissioner 5 12. Foster of New York, defaulter in SIGS 000 Old Hute! wheat corner begun In Chleago 29 Sioux Indians decline to accept the terms et the proposed trent OCTOBER 1 Traders' bank at Chicago suspended Liabili ties, 2 Severe storms on the great lakes Many lives lost 10. Seventy eight killed in rullroad collision, Mud Run. 18 11 S. Briggs of Rochester, defaulter in S14. COO. 10 L. M eClure and Huzh Flannigan robbed of $12,000 and unurdered near Wilkesbarro f Train robbery at Peru. Ind. 23 Thos. Axworthy, treasurer of Cleveland, O., defaulter $500,000. 25 Daniel Hand, of Connecticut gave $1,000,000 for the education of the colored people in the slavestates former 30 Lord Sackville given his passports 27 Steamer Haytian Republic seized by the Hay : tians. NOVEMBER 1. Serious trouble with oyster dredgers on Ches apeako bay 4. Sixteen killed by mino explosion at Cook Run Pa o 9. One hundred killed by mine explosion at Pitts burg, Kan Thirty-seven killed by fire in Rochester N y 15. Marriage of Joseph Chain bertain and Miss En dicott : Failure of the bank of Durham N. C. Liabili ties $400,000. involving other failures aggre gating $1,000,000 f 17 Perry Belmont appointed minister to Spain 20 A.II Colquitt re-elected United States senator if from Georgia 23 General Master Workman Powderly of the Knights of Labor re-elected J Cedell. mortgage forger in New York sen tenced to twenty -five years and four months Imprisonment a 21 25. 20. Terrible storm on the Atlantic coast , 27. Fisk will caso decided against Cornell univer sity L Jacksonville reports clean bill of health in 80 Calumet and Heela copper mines fired by cendiaries. y Treasurer Chas. G. Winchell. of Spink county Dakota. defaulted $100.000 DECEMBEIL n 4 Frank H. Bates. employed by Old Hutch, de faulted $20,000. n 7 Wholesale arrests of White Cappers In Craw ford county, Ind. 0. Mob attacked the jail at Birmlugham, Ala.. Id and attempt to lynch murderer named 0 Hawes. Tho sheriff fired on the mob, killing nine an rounding thirty 10. White Cap outrages becoming prevalent in of the parts many country y 8 Rear Admiral Luco ordered to proceed with two war ships to Haytl and demand the release of to the steamor Haytian Republic. Sailed the 12th 14. Fifteen burned to death at fire at Neumuns o ter, Prussia. 17 of Beginning of trouble between whites and no groes Mississippi ACROSS THE MAIN

21. January 4, 1889 The Mankato Free Press Mankato, MN
Article from The Mankato Free Press, January 4, 1889

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16. Train robbery at Muscogee, I. T. 17. Train robbery near Junction City, M. T. 18. Mme. and'Gen. Diss sentenced to the penitentiary for six months. 22. Disastrous floods in Mexico. Many hundreds drowned. 24. Holbrook, A. T., nearly destroyed by fire. 25. Paying Teller Pitcher, of the Union bank of Providence, R. I., is a defaulter and fugitive. JULY. 8. John F. Van Loan of the Second National bank of Jersey city, defaulter in $15,000. 4. Mrs. James K. Polk, widow of President Polk, at Nashville, started the machinery of the Cincinnati Exhibition by electricity. Wm. R. Flack lost his life trying to navigate the whirlpool rapids, Niagara. 9. Col. Thos. L. Casey made chief of engineers of the army. 18. More than 500 killed by volcanic eruptions in Japan. 17. Hronek, Chebouth, and Chapek, three Bohemian Anarchists, arrested in Chicago, charged with conspiracy to burn the city. AUGUST. 1. Blinky Morgan hanged in Columbus, O. Twenty-one lives lost in a fire on the Bowery, New York 4. Terrible tornado in Cuba. Heavy loss of life. 9. Yellow fever well under way at Jacksonville, Fla. 10. Ten persons burned to death at Chattanooga, Tenn. Hugh M. Brooks, alias Maxwell, hanged at St. Louis. 14. Woman suffrage declared unconstitutional in Wyoming. 16. Collision of steamers Geyser and Thingvalla. More than lives lost. 21. Bill Miles, anti-Bald Knobber, shoots and kills Capt. N. Kinney, Bald Knobber chief, at Ozark, Mo. Severe storms on the gulf and Atlantic coasts. 22. Gigantic opium smuggling scheme unearthed. Frank Gardner and other guilty parties afterward convicted and imprisoned. Thirty-four lives lost in steamer collision in San Francisco bay. 23. Fourteen killed by boiler explosion at Neemah, Neb. 26. Quarantine ordered against Jacksonville, Fla. Robert Garrett reported demented B1. Charles H. Litchman resigns general secretaryship of the Knights of Labor. SEPTEMBER. 2. Battle between outlaws and vigilantes near Palladora, No Man's Land Seventeen outlaws killed. 8. Sarah Althea Hill jailed for three days for contempt of court. Judge Terry, her husband sent up for six months for brandishing a knife in the court room. 12. Floods in Mexico. Many lives lost. 16. Disastrous floods in Georgia. 20. John G. Parkhurst of Michigan, appointed U. S. Minister to Belgium. 24. The lone highwayman of Texas killed by Mrs. Lizzie Hay 26. J. H. Oberly appointed Indian commissioner. 27. W. R. Foster, of New York, defaulter in $168, 000. Old Hutch's wheat corner begun in Chicago. 28. Sioux Indians decline to accept the terms of the proposed treaty. OCTOBER. 1. Traders' bank at Chicago suspended. Liabilities, $1,000,000. 2. Severe storms on the great lakes. Many lives lost. 10. Seventy-eight killed in a railroad collision, Mud Run, Pa. 18. H. S. Briggs of Rochester, defaulter in $14, 000. 19 J B. McClure and Hugh Tlannigan robbed of $12,000 and murdered near Wilkesbarre. Train robbery at Peru, Ind. 23. Thos. Axworthy, treasurer, of Cleveland, O., defaulter in $500,000. 25. Daniel Hand, of Connecticut, gave $1,000,000 for the education of the colored people in the former slave states. 30. Lord Sackville given his passports. 27. Steamer Haytian Republic seized by the Hay tians. NOVEMBER. 1. Serious trouble with oyster dredgers on Chesapeake bay 4. Sixteen killed by mine explosion at Cook's Run, Pa. 9. One hundred killed by mine explosion at Pitts burg, Kan Thirty-seven killed by a fire in Rochester, N. Y 15. Marriage of Joseph Chamberlain and Miss En dicott. Failure of the bank of Durham, N. C. Liabilities $400,000, involving other failures aggregating $1,000,000. 17. Perry Belmont appointed minister to Spain 20. A. H. Colquitt re-elected United States senator from Georgia. 23. General Master Workman Powderly of the Knights of Labor re-elected. J. E. Bedell, mortgage forger in New York, sentenced to twenty-five years and four months imprisonment 24, 25, 26. Terrible storm on the Atlantic coast. 27 Fisk will case decided against Cornell university. Jacksonville reports a clean bill of health. 30. Calumet and Hecla copper mines fired by in cendiaries. Treasurer Chas. G. Winchell, of Spink county, Dakota, defaulted in $100,000. DECEMBER. 5. Frank H. Bates, employed by Old Hutch, defaulted in $20,000. 7. Wholesale arrests of White Cappers in Craw ford county, Ind. 9. Mob attacked the jail at Birmingham, Ala., and attempt to lynch a murderer named Hawes. The sheriff fired on the mob, killing nine and wounding thirty. 10. White Cap outrages becoming prevalent in many parts of the country. Rear Admiral Luce ordered to proceed with two war ships to Hayti and demand the release of the steamer Haytian Republic. Sailed the 12th. 14. Fifteen burned to death at a fire at Neumunster, Prussia. 17. Beginning of trouble between whites and negroes in Mississippi.